{"id":9625,"date":"2024-05-15T16:38:13","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T08:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/15\/%e5%bd%ad%e5%85%86%e8%8d%a3%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8-%e8%a1%a8%e8%bf%b0%e4%b8%8e%e5%88%b6%e9%80%a0\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T16:38:13","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T08:38:13","slug":"%e5%bd%ad%e5%85%86%e8%8d%a3%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8-%e8%a1%a8%e8%bf%b0%e4%b8%8e%e5%88%b6%e9%80%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/?p=9625","title":{"rendered":"[\u5f6d\u5146\u8363]\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8: \u8868\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5236\u9020"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\n       \u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6, \u7136\u800c, \u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u6ede\u540e, \u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c31\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u4e4e\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762, \u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u501f\u9274\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

 \u4e00<\/p>\n

        \u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b66\u95ee, \u662f\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u82e5\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf“\u5b66\u79d1\u89c4\u5219”\u53bb\u68c0\u9a8c, \u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e0d“\u7eaf\u7cb9”, \u5373\u5b83\u4e0d\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u6240\u4e13\u5c5e\u548c\u4e13\u7f8e\u3002\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64, \u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e: 1. \u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df, \u4e0d\u50cf\u8bf8\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5f88\u591a, \u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e7f\u6cdb, \u6bd4\u5982\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u827a\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7814\u7a76, \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u5c06\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89e6\u89d2\u6df1\u5165\u5176\u4e2d, \u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3001\u54c1\u6027\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5927\u91cf\u6e17\u5165\u3001\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u30022. \u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bf4\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7”\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u70d9\u5370, \u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u547d\u9898, \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5, \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u9c9c\u660e“\u8bdd\u8bed”\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc, \u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u5b83\u66f4\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u5316\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e: \u9057\u4ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5177\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u6027, \u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u6398\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u30023. \u73b0\u4ee3\u9057\u4ea7\u878d\u4f1a\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u54c1\u8d28\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f20\u5a92\u7684\u7092\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f, \u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c55\u793a\u653f\u7ee9\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e1a\u7ee9\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u9057\u4ea7\u7406\u8bba\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u5171\u8c0b\u7406\u8bba”( conspiracy theory) \u3002“\u5171\u8c0b\u7406\u8bba”\u7684\u539f\u65e8\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea“\u4e8c\u6218”\u4e4b\u540e\u5404\u79cd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u8ff0, \u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u5bf9\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u7b49\u7efc\u5408\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u2460\u3002“\u5171\u8c0b\u7406\u8bba”\u5176\u5b9e\u662f“\u8bdd\u8bed\u7406\u8bba”\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u548c\u53d8\u5f62\u3002\uff08\u2460 P. Howard,. Heritage: Management, Interpretation, Identity, London & New York: Continuum, 2006, p. 36\uff09.
\n       \u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u663e\u5f97\u5e9e\u6742, \u5b66\u672f\u53d6\u5411\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u51b5, \u5728\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6, \u7136\u800c, \u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u6ede\u540e, \u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c31\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5173\u4e4e\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762, \u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u501f\u9274\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n       \u8bba\u4e0a\u5f3a\u8c03\u9057\u4ea7\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u673a, \u79f0\u4e3a“\u52a8\u673a\u8bf4”( motivation) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u9057\u4ea7\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b49\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u613f\u671b\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u5165\u624b\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f00\u59cb,\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u56e2\u4f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u2015\u2015\u2015\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u9057\u4ea7\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7834\u574f\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u5f62, \u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5148\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd, \u7ee7\u800c\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u9646\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u3002\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u9057\u4ea7, \u5982\u7687\u5bab\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e9f\u589f\u7b49,\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u9057\u4ea7“\u5408\u6cd5\u5316”\u548c“\u6b63\u7edf\u5316”\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb“\u7956\u56fd”( homecountry) \u3001\u5851\u9020\u65b0\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u613f\u6240\u5728, \u662f\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5f62\u52bf\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981, \u4e5f\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b, \u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u7684“\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986”( national museum) \u9042\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u2015\u2015\u2015\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u9057\u4ea7\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e89\u8bae, \u4e3b\u8981\u4e89\u8bae\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u6467\u6bc1\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b,“\u52a8\u673a\u7406\u8bba”\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u7406\u7531\u7f6e\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8, \u5e76\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3001\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n       \u9057\u4ea7\u7406\u8bba\u9664\u4e86\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u7279\u8d28\u5916, \u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027, \u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u5ef6\u7eed\u8bf4”( continuity) \u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e: \u5728\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u7edf\u5316\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u9057\u4ea7\u5ef6\u7eed\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fdd\u969c, \u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837, \u624d\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u8fed\u800c\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u53c8\u6ee1\u8db3\u9057\u4ea7\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u6211\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7531\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u5185\u5728\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5c5e\u4e8e“\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b”( inevitable progress) , \u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9057\u4ea7, \u5982\u827a\u672f\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u7b49, \u65e0\u4e0d\u6709\u7740\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u63a5\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u7684“\u5ef6\u7eed\u8bf4”\u4fbf\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76, \u6bd4\u5982“\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2”\u3001“\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5fc6”\u7b49\u90fd\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u5f3a\u8c03\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u5f52\u7eb3\u8d77\u6765,“\u5ef6\u7eed\u8bf4”\u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e24\u5c42\u610f\u56fe: \u9057\u4ea7\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u3002
\n       \u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6269\u5f20\u65e0\u6cd5\u987b\u81fe\u5206\u5f00, \u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u7684“\u8d44\u672c”\u5f62\u6001\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u54c1\u8d28\u3002“\u8d44\u672c\u8bf4”\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u8bf4, \u9057\u4ea7\u7684“\u8d44\u672c\u8bf4”\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206: \u4e00\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u7684“\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c”( cultural capital) ,\u4e8c\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u7684“\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c”( economic capital) \u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5e03\u8fea\u5384“\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u8bba”\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u548c\u6539\u9020; \u540e\u8005\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u3002“\u8d44\u672c”\u662f\u5e03\u8fea\u5384“\u5b9e\u8df5\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66”\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765,“\u8d44\u672c”\u65e2\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165“\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u57df”\u7684“\u5165\u573a\u5238”, \u4e5f\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u4ef7\u7801\u2460\u3002“\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c”\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5f62\u6001, \u540c\u65f6\u517c\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61, \u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5546\u54c1,\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u727a\u7272\u54c1\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bf4, \u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u9057\u4ea7, \u7279\u522b\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5176“\u4ef7\u503c”\u9ad8\u4f4e, \u8fd9\u539f\u672c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u539f\u5219, \u7136\u800c, \u73b0\u884c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9057\u4ea7\u8bc4\u5b9a\u3001\u9074\u9009\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u5728\u8fdb\u884c“\u533a\u5206”\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c”\u3001“\u6770\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868”\u90fd\u610f\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u90a3\u4e9b“\u5165\u9009\u8005”\u9ad8\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u542b\u6709\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u534f\u5546\u548c\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u800c\u83b7\u5f97“\u6770\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868”\u8005\u968f\u5373\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u589e\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb, \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d, \u6743\u529b\u8d77\u5230\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u2461\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3, \u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u539f\u9644\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7f29\u6027\u3002
\n       \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8ba4\u540c( identity) \u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u5374\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u4f20\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3002“\u4eba\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u540c, \u540c\u65f6, \u67d0\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u5bf9\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3”\u2462, \u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u9057\u4ea7\u7684“\u4eba\u7c7b\u6027”\u65f6\u9700\u8981“\u52a0\u6ce8”\u3001\u9700\u8981“\u8bbe\u9650”\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d, \u4eea\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u663e\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c, \u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e2d, \u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u727a\u7272\u7b49\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u597d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u5f62\u6210\u4ef7\u503c\u76f8\u6096, \u751a\u81f3\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u6218\u4e89\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u540c, \u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3001\u5bf9\u7acb\u548c\u5bf9\u6297\u3002\u8ba4\u540c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc, \u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5916\u5728\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u2460\u3002\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u8bf4, \u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u3001\u6d32\u9645\u7684\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u3001\u533a\u57df\u7684\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u7684( \u5177\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u2015\u2015\u2015\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u9886\u571f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c, \u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c, \u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8fb9\u754c) \u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u2015\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7b49\u8bf8\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f,“\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7”\u2461, \u6216\u8005\u8bf4, \u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u8ba4\u540c, \u8ba4\u540c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\uff08\u2460 \u76ae\u57c3\u5c14·\u5e03\u8fea\u5384:\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d\u2015\u2015\u2015\u53cd\u601d\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5f15\u8bba\u300b, \u674e\u731b\u7b49\u8bd1, \u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998 \u5e74\u7248, \u7b2c147 \u9875\u3002\u2461\u2462 P. Howard, Heritage: Management, Interpretation, Identity, p. 44, pp. 17-18.Peter Howard, Heritage:Management, Interpretation,Identity\uff09
\n       \u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u5e26\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027, \u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5b66\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u9700\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b, \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6d89\u53ca\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u73af\u5883\u89c4\u5212\u4e13\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u2462\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u6b63\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5b9e\u5730\u548c\u73b0\u573a“\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf”, \u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c,\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u63cf\u7ed8\u67d0\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002
\n       \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916, \u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u5730\u65b9\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u8fc1, \u5305\u62ec\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u65c5\u6e38\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5730\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u53d8\u5316\u7b49; \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u5730\u65b9\u4f20\u8fbe“\u5730\u65b9\u58f0\u97f3”( local voice) \u2463\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u8272\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5bf9“\u7269”\u7684\u7814\u7a76( objects of ethnography) , \u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u95f4\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0, \u4fbf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u8303\u7574\u2464\u3002\u6c11\u95f4\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u8c61, \u56e0\u800c\u5177\u6709\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765, \u6c11\u95f4\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u53c8\u88ab\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u8005\u6240“\u521b\u9020”\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5bf9“\u7269”\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u2015\u2015\u2015\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5bf9\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u6027\u53d9\u4e8b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d, \u8fd9\u79cd\u5c55\u793a\u6027\u7684“\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u753b\u5eca”( Ethnographical Gallery) \u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd“\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5236\u9020”\u2465\u3002
\n       \u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76, \u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u65e0\u6587\u5b57\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u7b49\u539f\u751f\u6027\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u5668\u7269\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u4eba\u7fa4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8868\u8fbe, \u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u6587\u672c\u5316\u7684\u7269”\u4e0e“\u7269\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c”( textualizing objects \/ objectifying texts) \u2466\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, \u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u9664\u4e86\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u7cbe\u795e\u878d\u5165\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61“\u7269”\u4ee5\u5916\u2015\u2015\u2015\u5373\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u76ee\u6807, \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ee5“\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9”\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u9057\u5b58,\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80af\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u9057\u4ea7\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u5730\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u9057\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u547c\u5401\u548c\u7533\u8fa9, \u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u9057\u7559\u7269\u4e2d\u6240\u79ef\u6dc0\u3001\u6240\u5b58\u8d2e\u3001\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5177\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\uff1a1<\/font> | 2<\/u> | 3<\/u> | <\/p>\n

  \u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7f51
\u3010\u672c\u6587\u8d23\u7f16\uff1a\u601d\u73ae\u3011<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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