\n
\n\u3000\u3000“\u975e\u9057”\u4fdd\u62a4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002“\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u5f0f”\u53e3\u53f7\u63d0\u51fa\u672a\u4e45\uff0c“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u53c8\u7eb7\u7eb7\u767b\u9646\u5a92\u4f53\u3002\u523011\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u7adf\u8fbe3800\u6761\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4”\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u4fdd\u62a4”\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000(\u4e00)\u56f4\u7ed5“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316”\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u89c2\u70b9\u4e00\uff1a“\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4”\u548c“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u4fdd\u62a4”\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1b“\u5546\u4e1a\u6027\u7ecf\u8425”\u548c“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u5f00\u53d1”\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30002009\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u7684“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u62a4\u8bba\u575b”\u4e0a\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u7f8e\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u5f90\u827a\u4e59\u6307\u51fa\uff1a“\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002”“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6709\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u8981\u6c42\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u72ec\u7279\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u8981\u6c42\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u827a\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u6096\u3002”\u8981\u628a“\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4”\u548c“\u975e\u9057”“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316”\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u3002[1]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u4e3e\u529e\u7684“\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4f20\u7edf\u6280\u827a\u5927\u5c55”\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u53a6\u95e8\u8521\u6c0f\u6f06\u7ebf\u96d5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4f20\u4eba\u8521\u6c34\u51b5\u5e94\u8bb0\u8005\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u827a\u8981\u9760\u56fd\u5bb6\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e2d\u57f9\u517b\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u5f92\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e0c\u671b\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8d21\u732e\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u6f06\u7ebf\u96d5\u6280\u827a\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5236\u4f5c\u5de5\u827a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0d\u5e94\u9760\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u53d6\u80dc\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8d70\u9ad8\u3001\u7cbe\u3001\u5c16\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u7528\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u539f\u6599\u3001\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u7cbe\u795e\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9644\u52a0\u503c\u3002[2]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30002009\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u3001\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u975e\u9057\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u51af\u9aa5\u624d\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u75db\u5fc3\u75be\u9996\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u591a\u6765\u81ea“\u957f\u5b98\u610f\u5fd7”\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u7b56\u5212\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u667a\u6167\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u7ee9\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u6302\u94a9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u4e13\u5bb6\u88ab\u8bf7\u53bb\u51fa\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u62cd\u677f\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u8fd8\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u88ab\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8d5a\u5230\u94b1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u51af\u9aa5\u624d\u53cd\u9a73\u9053\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u96be\u514d\u88ab\u6309\u7167\u5546\u4e1a\u89c4\u5f8b\u89e3\u6784\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6f5c\u529b\u8f83\u5927\u3001\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5356\u70b9\u7684\u4fbf\u88ab\u62c9\u5230\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e00\u65c1\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u9020\u6210“\u975e\u9057”\u88ab\u5272\u88c2\u4e0e\u5206\u5316\u3002\u53e4\u6751\u843d\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66(\u6c11\u95f4\u53f2\u8bd7\u3001\u4f20\u8bf4\u3001\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u6b4c\u8c23\u7b49)\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u5931\u5f97\u6700\u5feb\u7684“\u975e\u9057”\u3002[3][3]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30002009\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u82d1\u5229(\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458)\u3001\u987e\u519b(\u5317\u4eac\u8054\u5408\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388)\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u6307\u51fa\uff1a“\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u6e05\u5546\u4e1a\u6027\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5546\u4e1a\u6027\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u67d0\u79cd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6210\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u8425\u9500\uff1b\u800c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u5219\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u67d0\u79cd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u3002”[4]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u89c2\u70b9\u4e8c\uff1a“\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a“\u53cc\u5203\u5251”<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u65e9\u57282005\u5e747\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6c11\u65cf\u6c11\u95f4\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5434\u9732\u751f\u5148\u751f\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u540d\u5f55\u4ee3\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00\u6307\u51fa\uff1a“\u6d3b\u6001\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u4f20\u627f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u67c4\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u672c\u8272\u3002”[5]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30002009\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u534a\u6708\u8c08\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u6253\u4e00\u573a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u4fdd\u536b\u6218\u300b\u4e4b\u56db\u300a\u53d8\u5f02\u5931\u771f\uff1a“\u4eba\u95f4\u56fd\u5b9d”\u4e09\u5927\u6740\u624b\u4e4b\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a“\u534a\u6708\u8c08\u8bb0\u8005\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u9057\u4f17\u591a\u95e8\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u975e\u9057\u8303\u7574\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u827a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u975e\u9057\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u62a4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e5f\u547c\u5401\u614e\u8a00\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4f7f\u975e\u9057\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u504f\u79bb\u5176\u5b97\u3002\u8457\u540d\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e4c\u4e19\u5b89\u79f0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u542c‘\u5229\u7528’\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u4f46\u4f55\u4e3a‘\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528’\uff0c\u5219\u5f88\u96be\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u975e\u9057\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u751f\u4ea7\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u9002\u5408\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u3002”“\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u9057\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4e0e\u8d44\u91d1\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4ee5\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u975e\u9057\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u79c1\u6709\u4e0e\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u6709\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u800c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u975e\u9057\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u540e\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u7b49\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5229\u6da6\u5206\u914d\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u575a\u6301\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\u79ef\u6781\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u975e\u9057\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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