\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9d\u5377\u7814\u7a76\u8087\u59cb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca\u5df2\u6709\u5c06\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5176\u9996\u5021\u5b9d\u5377\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u90d1\u632f\u94ce\uff081898—1958\uff09\u3002\u90d1\u632f\u94ce\u5c06\u5b9d\u5377\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u575b\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0e\u6b64\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6b4c\u8c23\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5176\u5f00\u7aef\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c06\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4ecb\u4e4e\u6587\u4eba\u521b\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u521b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u7740\u5929\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7740\u5730\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u5b66\uff08\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6587\u5b66\uff09\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\uff08\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\uff09\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u5929\u4e0b\u3002\u4e09\u5206\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u5360\u636e\u4e8c\u5206\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u51fa\u4e8e\u504f\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e88\u627f\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u6b4c\u8c23\u3001\u66f2\u5b50\uff0c\u8bb2\u53f2\u3001\u8bdd\u672c\uff0c\u5b8b\u5143\u4ee5\u6765\u5357\u5317\u620f\u66f2\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u620f\uff0c\u53d8\u6587\u3001\u5f39\u8bcd\u3001\u9f13\u8bcd\u3001\u5b9d\u5377\u7b49\u8bb2\u5531\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\u3002\u90d1\u632f\u94ce\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f55\u8c13“\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66”\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6b4c\u8c23\u3001\u6c49\u4ee3\u53ca\u516d\u671d\u7684\u6c11\u6b4c\u3001\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6b4c\u8d4b\u3001\u53d8\u6587\u3001\u5b8b\u91d1\u7684“\u6742\u5267”\u8bcd\u3001\u9f13\u5b50\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8bf8\u5bab\u8c03\u3001\u5143\u4ee3\u7684\u6563\u66f2\u3001\u660e\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u6b4c\u3001\u5b9d\u5377\u3001\u5f39\u8bcd\u3001\u9f13\u8bcd\u4e0e\u5b50\u5f1f\u4e66\u3001\u6e05\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u6b4c\u7b49\u7edf\u7edf\u5f52\u5165\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u65f6\u5173\u4e8e\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5e76\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u754c\u9650\u7684\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5b9d\u5377\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u548c\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u6587\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u517c\u6709\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5c31\u4ee5\u5b9d\u5377\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5ba3\u626c\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u4e49\uff08\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u9053\u6559\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u5b97\u6559\uff09\u7684\u5b9d\u5377\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u95f4\u666e\u904d\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u5386\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5584\u4e66\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b9d\u5377\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u867d\u7136\u591a\u662f\u65e0\u540d\u6c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5b97\u6559\u5b9d\u5377\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5305\u542b\u4e16\u4fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff08\u5982\u529d\u5584\u4e66\uff09\u7b49\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u81ea\u6c11\u95f4\u6b4c\u624b\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5bb6\u4e4b\u53e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9d\u5377\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u533a\u522b\u5b97\u6559\u5b9d\u5377\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u5b9d\u5377\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u5e7f\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f20\u548c\u64ad\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728“\u975e\u9057”\u4fdd\u62a4\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u5b9d\u5377\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u662f\u7518\u8083\u6c38\u767b\u53bf\u79e6\u5ddd\u9547\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5efa\u6210\u5170\u5dde\u65b0\u533a\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u50fb\u519c\u6751\u3002\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u542c\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4eec\u541f\u5531\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5e74\u9f84\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u541f\u5531\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b5d\u884c\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5341\u5206\u611f\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u97f3\u8c03\u81f3\u4eca\u4f59\u97f3\u5728\u8033\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fd8\u6000\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u5b9d\u5377\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u89c9\u5f97\u90a3\u662f\u4fd7\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7559\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u636e\u5b9d\u5377\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u5730\u57df\u5f88\u5e7f\u3002\u4ece\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u5230\u897f\u5317\u9ad8\u539f\u90fd\u6709\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u7248\u672c\u4e5f\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u662f\u6211\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u542c\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u90e8\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u6d6a\u535a\u5ba2“\u5fae\u98ce\u8f7b\u62c2”\u8f6c\u8f7d\u7684\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6807\u660e“\u9690\u6e56”\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u53d6“\u9690\u853d\u6c5f\u6e56”\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u660e\u6d41\u4f20\u5730\u533a\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6574\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u65ad\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5c0f\u65f6\u542c\u5230\u7684\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u662f\u97f5\u6563\u517c\u884c\u4f53\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u97f5\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u91c7\u7528\u4e86“\u4e09\u4e09\u56db\uff0c\u4e09\u4e09\u56db”\u548c\u4e03\u5b57\u53e5\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u5c0f\u65f6\u542c\u5230\u7684\u5b9d\u5377\u7684\u541f\u5531\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6bcf\u53e5\u7ed3\u5c3e\u90fd\u662f“\u4e09\u4e09\u56db\uff0c\u4e09\u4e09\u56db”\u53e5\u5f0f\uff0c\u6f14\u5531\u65f6\u6bcf\u53e5\u7ed3\u5c3e\u886c\u4ee5“\u5357\u65e0\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4f5b”\u3002\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f88\u8d34\u8fd1\u6211\u542c\u5230\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u90e8\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u5728\u7518\u8083\u6cb3\u897f\u6c38\u767b\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u5b9d\u5377\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5b9d\u5377\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u533a\u541f\u5531\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u56e0\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u5728\u6cb3\u897f\u8d70\u5eca\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u8003\u8bc1\u3002\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u9152\u6cc9\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\uff08\u897f\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u53e4\u7c4d\uff0c\u7518\u8083\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u6cb3\u897f\u5b9d\u5377\u9009\u300b\uff08\u6bb5\u5e73\u7f16\uff0c\u5170\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5c71\u4e39\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\uff08\u5f20\u65ed\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u7518\u8083\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u5b9d\u5377\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u5218\u6c38\u6c5f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u79d1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u90fd\u6536\u5165\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u6cbf\u7ebf\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u6cb3\u897f\u5b9d\u5377\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u548c\u6566\u714c\u53d8\u6587\u6709\u7740\u6e0a\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9d\u5377\u6765\u81ea\u4f5b\u672c\u751f\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u662f\u5bd3\u8a00\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u529d\u5b5d\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u6240\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u7248\u300a\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9e66\u54e5\u5b9d\u5377\u521d\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f17\u4f4d\u4e61\u4eb2\u90fd\u542c\u6765\u3002\u9e1f\u6709\u5b5d\u5fc3\u53d7\u4eba\u656c\uff0c\u4eba\u65e0\u5b5d\u5fc3\u6789\u5403\u658b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5927\u5b8b\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u51fa\u5728\u4ed9\u679c\u5c71\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c71\u4e0a\u6709\u9897\u5927\u6c99\u67f3\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u4e0a\u4f4f\u7740\u4e00\u5bf9\u9ec4\u9e66\u54e5\u751f\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u65e5\u8001\u516c\u54e5\u5e26\u7740\u8001\u5927\u548c\u8001\u4e8c\u51fa\u5916\u5bfb\u98df\uff0c\u5929\u9ed1\u4e0d\u89c1\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u8c01\u6599\u60f3\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8001\u516c\u54e5\uff0c\u5e26\u5c0f\u54e5\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u89c5\u98df\u3002\u4e24\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u548c\u8001\u54e5\uff0c\u540c\u843d\u7f51\u4e2d\uff08\u5357\u65e0\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4f5b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
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