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\n

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\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u793e\u533a\uff1a\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u8981\u7565<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u4ee5\u6765\uff0ccommunity\u548csociety\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u672a\u52a0\u533a\u522b\u5730\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a“\u793e\u4f1a”\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u6709\u5434\u6587\u85fb\u7684“\u81ea\u7136\u793e\u4f1a”\u548c“\u4eba\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a”\uff0c\u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\u7684“\u793c\u4fd7\u793e\u4f1a”\u548c“\u6cd5\u5236\u793e\u4f1a”\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6797\u8363\u8fdc\u7684“\u5171\u540c\u4f53”\u548c“\u793e\u4f1a”\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u514b\uff08Robert E.Park\uff09\u9020\u8bbf\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u71d5\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\u5148\u751f\u7b49\u4e00\u4f17\u5b66\u751f\u601d\u6765\u60f3\u53bb\u624d\u5c06community\u8bd1\u4e3a“\u793e\u533a”\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0ccommunity\u4e0e“\u793e\u533a”\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u5c31\u662f“\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a”\uff0c\u5434\u6587\u85fb\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684“\u4eba\u6c11\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b”\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6797\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff08Bronislow Malinowski\uff09\u662f\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7531\u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\u5148\u751f\u4f20\u627f\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u4ece“\u7b80\u5355\u793e\u4f1a”\uff08\u300a\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u8005\u300b\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e86“\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a”\uff08\u300a\u6c5f\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u300b\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b27\u7f8e\u5b66\u754c\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u7a7a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4“\u5c0f\u5730\u65b9”\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c“\u5927\u793e\u4f1a”\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u573a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u793e\u7fa4\u53ca\u793e\u533a\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684“\u4ee3\u8868\u6027”\u4e4b\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u53cd\u601d\u6ce2\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u533a\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u754c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u65e9\u57281887\u5e74\uff0c\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Ferdinand Tonnies\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\u4e00\u8457\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9society\u548ccommunity\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u88ab\u4ed6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a“\u4e00\u5207\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u548c\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b”\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca“\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6216\u8005\u5929\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53”\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6d47\u7b51\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u592a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u523b\u677f\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65af\u5854\u897f\uff08Margaret Stacey\uff09\u4e8e1969\u5e74\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u793e\u533a\u6216\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u6ee1\u5929\u98de\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u793e\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u5171\u8bc6\u30021983\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Benedict Anderson\uff09\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53——\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u6563\u5e03\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u5171\u540c\u4f53”\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684community\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8d8b\u4e4b\u82e5\u9e5c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0ccommunity\u4e00\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u5b66\u672f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u56de\u6eaf\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u768430\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u70ed\u5ea6\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6700\u7ec8\u7528“\u53cb\u7231\u5173\u7cfb”\uff08fraternity\uff09\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff08community\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u6216\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u53e0\u52a0\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a“\u6c11\u65cf\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53‧‧‧‧‧‧\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u7231\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cb\u7231\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a71\u4f7f\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7518\u613f\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf——\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60f3\u8c61——\u53bb\u5c60\u6740\u6216\u4ece\u5bb9\u8d74\u6b7b\u3002”\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5404\u6301\u5df1\u89c1\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u52a0\u4ee5\u9610\u91ca\u6216\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u51e0\u5206\u6742\u4e71\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u6234\uff08Graham Day\uff09\u548c\u9ed8\u591a\u514b\uff08Jonathan Murdoch\uff09\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u524d\u4eba\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Colin Bell\uff09\u548c\u7ebd\u62dc\uff08Howard Newby\uff09\u66fe\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u6572\u54cd\u4e27\u949f\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u533a\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a“\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u4f24\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5012\u4e0b”\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\u3002[\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u9519\u8bef\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5411\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u771f\u8bda\u81f4\u6b49——CFN\u5c0f\u7f16\u6ce8]<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u6216\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4ecd\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u6e17\u900f\u8fdb\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u5305\u5bb9\uff08social inclusion\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1b\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\uff0c\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\uff08civic engagement\uff09\u7684\u70ed\u8bae\uff1b\u5728\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u6709“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff08intangible cultural heritage\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u9057\u4ea7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u672c\u571f\u89c6\u89d2\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u601d\u60f3\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\uff08\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff09\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8bae\u9898\u88ab\u63a8\u81f3\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u98ce\u53e3\u6d6a\u5c16\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9c8d\u66fc\uff08Zygmunt Bauman\uff09\u66fe\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd“\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\uff08\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff09\u7684\u6c89\u9189”\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u5176\u5b9e\u88f9\u631f\u7740\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u6697\u793a\uff1a\u4ee5\u767d\u4eba\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7fa4\u6392\u9664\u4e8e\u89c6\u91ce\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u6216\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e61\u6101\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u70b9\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u81ea\u6211\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u81ea\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u533a\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u5c31\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3001\u5e26\u6709\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5de6\u53f3\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u793e\u533a\u754c\u5b9a\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9057\u4ea7\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\uff1a1<\/font> | 2<\/u> | 3<\/u> | <\/p>\n

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