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\n

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\u4f5c   \u8005\uff1a\u5468\u798f\u5ca9\uff0c\u8fbd\u5b81\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u9662<\/p>\n

\n

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\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5916\u5ef6\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\uff08intangible culture\uff09\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3a“\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e6\u6478\u7684\u6587\u5316”——\u540c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u5176\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5373\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u7136\u524d\u8005\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u751a\u81f3\u4f9d\u5b58\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u6784\u6210\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u548c\u4e92\u8865\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u6216\u8bdd\u8bed\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u6280\u672f\/\u6548\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u800c“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u8054\u7684\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u800c\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u54c1\u662f\u5728\u9075\u5b88\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u5b9a\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u8df5\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u52a0\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7528\u5ea6\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4eba\u652f\u914d\u7269\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c65\u884c\u6216\u521b\u9020\u5951\u5408\u60c5\u5883\u53ec\u5524\u7684\u6709\u610f\u5473\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u3002“\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e6\u6478\u7684\u6587\u5316”\u85c9\u6b64\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89e6\u6478\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5bf9\u7269\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u4eba\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u7269\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9690\u55bb\u7740\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u6216\u8868\u73b0\u6027\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7528“\u5ba2\u89c2\u7cbe\u795e”“\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53”\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u80fd\u8bc9\u8bf8\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u5c01\u95ed\u4e8e\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u88ab\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u4ece12\u9879\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7c7b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\u30012003\u5e74\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u975e\u9057\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7531\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6280\u672f\u60f3\u8c61\u5f15\u9886\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u544a\u522b\u4ed6\u5f8b\u6027\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u56de\u5f52\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u3001\u56de\u5f52\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6587\u5316\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u70ed\u5207\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u5efa\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u98ce\u5c1a\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5e94\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u65e8\u8da3\u3002\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u89e3\u653e\u65e8\u8da3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u7406\u6027\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8131\u79bb\u5177\u4f53\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u53ea\u9700\u4ee5\u8ba4\u77e5\u53bb\u89c2\u7167\u5e76\u80fd\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9694\u7edd\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5916\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5185\u5316\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u9053\u5fb7\u4ed6\u6cbb\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u9075\u5b88\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u88ab\u6d3e\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u626e\u6f14\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u7406\u6027\u60ac\u6401\u4e86\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u98ce\u4fd7\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u7684“\u6210\u529f”——\u5373\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4f7f\u4e92\u60e0\u6027\u7684\u5171\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e——\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u64a4\u9500\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6e83\u8d25\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\u5b83\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e83\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7“\u7741\u5f00\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u773c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6fc0\u60c5\u53bb\u4f11\u7720”\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff08socialization\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff08sociality\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u56e2\u4f53\u53d6\u4ee3\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e16\u4fd7\u653b\u51fb\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u4ee5\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u653b\u51fb\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u653b\u51fb\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u653b\u51fb\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6761\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684“\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec”\u4e4b\u8def\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u8981\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4f26\u7406\u8870\u5fae\u548c\u516c\u5171\u98ce\u9669\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u540e\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u60f3\u7684“\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b”\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4ece\u6240\u6709“\u7834\u574f\u4ed6\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u7275\u5236\u4e2d”\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53“\u53bb\u4f26\u7406\u5316”\uff0c\u5373\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u9664\u4e2a\u4f53\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e“\u4eba\u672c\u8eab”\uff08man as such\uff09\u8d64\u88f8\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u7075\u9b42\u80fd\u591f\u7a7f\u4e0a\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6240\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff1b\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u514b\u670d\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u53d6\u7f14\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u963b\u788d“\u666e\u904d\u5316”\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u5316\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ec5\u5177\u6709“\u516c\u5206\u6bcd”\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5374\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u4f26\u7406\u9762\u5177\u4e4b\u4e0b\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u5371\u673a\u5904\u5883\u5e76\u5bfb\u6c42\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6\u53ca\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u7acb\u573a\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176“\u4eba\u89c2”\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e0\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u5bf9“\u795b\u9b45”\u7684“\u8fd4\u9b45”\u3002\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fee\u8f9e\uff1b\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b\u4ece\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d41\u653e\u4e2d\u63a5\u7eb3\u56de\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b——\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e78\u798f\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1b\u91cd\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4f7f\u4f26\u7406\u518d\u516c\u5171\u5316\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8054\u7ed3\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6027\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7528“\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5171\u540c\u4f53”\u7406\u5ff5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86“\u4eba\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4e49\u52a1”\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u634d\u536b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f0a\u66fc\u7ebd\u5c14·\u5217\u7ef4\u7eb3\u65af\uff08Emmanuel Levinas\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u8bba\u548c\u603b\u4f53\u5316\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u540e\u8005\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5730“\u4eba\u9053”\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u603b\u4f53\u5316\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u58f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u6587\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bed\u6c47——\u5982“\u7406\u6027”“\u81ea\u7531”“\u81ea\u6211”“\u5e73\u7b49\uff08\u5bf9\u79f0\/\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09”\u7b49——\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6216\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5——“\u5bf9\u8bdd”“\u793e\u533a”“\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027”“\u793e\u4f1a\u6027”“\u7231\u6b32”“\u521b\u9020”“\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027”“\u666e\u904d\u6027”\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca“\u4f26\u7406”\u672c\u8eab——\u5f97\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u5176\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u7ea6\u53ca\u5176\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\uff1a1<\/font> | 2<\/u> | 3<\/u> | 4<\/u> | <\/p>\n

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