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\n

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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff1b\u9057\u4ea7\u751f\u4ea7\uff1b\u9057\u4ea7\u5316\uff1b\u5730\u65b9\u6027\uff1b\u5168\u7403\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7·\u65af\u6606\u60d5\uff0c\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u56fd\u5bb6\u8003\u53e4\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/p>\n

\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u6027\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u672a\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u6837\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373“\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u751f\u4ea7”\u53ca\u5176\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u5207\u6216\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u9057\u4ea7\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u6050\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u5750\u6807(repères)\u548c\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891(bornes)\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4ed6\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u5267\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u9057\u5740\u3001\u6587\u7269\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6216\u7406\u5ff5\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u591f\u6070\u5982\u5176\u5206\u5730\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd“\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u660e”(invention de la tradition)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u7279\u522b\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u6210\u5176\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u5316(patrimonialisation)\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5176\u5730\u65b9(\u6216\u6240\u5904\u793e\u4f1a)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u626d\u66f2(distorsion)\u3002\u7ecf\u53d7\u7740\u53bb\u5730\u57df\u5316(déterritorialisation)\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0e\u5176\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6e90\u8d77\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u6d32\u9645\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u865a\u62df\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u53bb\u5730\u57df\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e(faits culturels)\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u6210\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6837\u4e86\uff1b\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6301\u6709\u8005\u548c\u65bd\u884c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e24\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e92\u76f8\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd“\u672c\u771f\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3”(illusion authentique)\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd“\u5e7b\u60f3”\u6b63\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u672c\u5730\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u65b9(acteurs)\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u884c\u52a8(action d’identification)\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4ee5\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c(travail de normalisation)\u3002\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u548c\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u8ffd\u6eaf\u9057\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1b\u5e76\u9610\u8ff0\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u8c61(éléments culturels)\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3001\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u5316(visibilisation)\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6587\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7b14\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d77\u83492003\u5e74\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u548c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u53c2\u4e0e\u786e\u8ba4\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u5168\u7403\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u6279\u5224\u6027\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5730\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u9610\u660e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u9057\u4ea7\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5e76\u975e\u4ece\u6765\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u8f6c\u53d8\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f“\u65e2\u5b9a”\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5982\u745e\u5409\u5a1c·\u672c\u8fea\u514b\u65af(Regina Bendix)\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002”\u8fd9\u79cd\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4fc3\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6000\u65e7\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u5f3a\u5316\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6fc0\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u5f15\u53d1\u77db\u76fe\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u536b·\u7f57\u6587\u8d5b\u5c14(David Lowenthal)\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00:“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7a81\u7136\u95f4\u904d\u5730\u5f00\u82b1\u4e86\u3002”\u4e0d\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f02\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u65e8\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6770\u59c6\u65af·\u514b\u5229\u798f\u5fb7(James Clifford)\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u582a\u79f0\u7fd8\u695a:“\u9057\u4ea7\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u8bc6\u3002”\u9057\u4ea7\u6d89\u53ca\u8bf8\u591a\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u679c:\u521b\u529e\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u521b\u9020\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u548c\u5916\u6c47\u6536\u5165\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6fc0\u8d77\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e89\u593a\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u548c\u5206\u914d\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u540e\u679c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u5bf9“\u663e\u8457\u5316”(notabilisation)\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u679c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u7684\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u52a8\u5458\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9057\u4ea7\u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u4f9d\u6258\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u57df\u3001\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5730\u662f\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u4e8c\u5219\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5730\u57df\u5316\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7“\u8de8\u5730\u57df”(translocaux)\u548c\u8de8\u56fd(transnationaux)\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u7684\u663e\u8457\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8eab\u5728\u9065\u8fdc\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5730\u65b9(le local)\u906d\u5230\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u906e\u853d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u533a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5f97\u5230\u9752\u7750\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u65e2\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4f53\u53c8\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u5360\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u57df\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u6709\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5229\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u540c(synergie)\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u9057\u5f03\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7834\u574f\u8fd8\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u540d\u5206\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5b83\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5374\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u5230\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u53bb\u5730\u57df\u5316\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b58\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u5207\u65ad\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u88ab\u90e8\u5206\u5207\u65ad\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u53bb\u5730\u57df\u5316\u548c“\u865a\u62df\u5316”(virtualization)\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4ece\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u7c7b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u773c\u524d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6709\u4e1a\u4f59\u7231\u597d\u8005\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1b\u6709\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\uff1b\u6709\u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u591a\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6709\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5316\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u88ab\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u5f80\u5f80\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u4e0d\u88ab\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u4e1a\u9274\u5b9a\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6\u300b(1972)\u548c\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6\u300b(2003)\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u9694\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u9700\u6307\u51fa\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\uff1a1<\/font> | 2<\/u> | 3<\/u> | <\/p>\n

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