\n
\n\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u6279\u5224\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5373\u9057\u4ea7\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u9020\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6fc0\u53d1\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u611f\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u89c2\u4f17\u53c2\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u6709\u591a\u6837\u7684\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5bfc\u9057\u4ea7\u5229\u7528\u548c\u89c2\u4f17\u793e\u7fa4\u91cd\u6784\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u9057\u4ea7\u70b9\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u3002\u535a\u7269\u9986\u89c2\u4f17\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u7528\u9057\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u9057\u4ea7\u6279\u5224\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff1b\u5386\u53f2\u611f\uff1b\u9057\u4ea7\u5236\u9020<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u52b3\u62c9\u7b80·\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08Laurajane Smith\uff09,\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0cSSCI\u6e90\u520a\u300a\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u671f\u520a\u300b\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u5176\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08Archaeological Theory and the Politics of Cultural Heritage\uff09\u300a\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5229\u7528\u300b\uff08Uses of Heritage\uff09\u7b49\u8457\u4f5c\u5f15\u9886\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u9057\u4ea7\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5f20\u715c\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u519c\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\n<\/blockquote>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u5173\u6ce8\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u5173\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7814\u7a76\u5f7c\u6b64\u9694\u7edd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u80a1\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9694\u7edd\u72b6\u6001\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c·\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee[1]\uff08Rodney Harrison\uff09\u5c06\u8fd9\u80a1\u7814\u7a76\u6f6e\u6d41\u79f0\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7\u6279\u5224\u7814\u7a76\uff08critical heritage studies\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u6279\u5224\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u4e3a\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u9057\u4ea7\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u9057\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u7b56\u5c55\u3001\u5c55\u89c8\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u89c2\u4f17\u5728\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u5730\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u9020\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30001985\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u536b·\u7f57\u6e29\u7d22(David Lowenthal)\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u8fc7\u5f80\u5373\u4ed6\u4e61\u300b\uff08The Past is a Foreign Country)[2]\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5f00\u5c55\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7f57\u6e29\u7d22\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6000\u7279\uff08Wright\uff09[3]\u548c\u4f11\u4f0a\u68ee\uff08Hewison)[4][5]\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6c83\u4ec0\uff08Walsh)[6]\uff0c\u6851\u514b\u65af\u548c\u7279\u5229\uff08Shanks and Tilley)[7]\u4ece\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u73ed\u5c3c\u7279\uff08Bennett)[8]\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u7f57\u6e29\u7d22\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e09\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u9020\u7269\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u3001\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e8e\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6b64\u5174\u8da3\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u5316\uff0c\u88ab\u4e00\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u6240\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed”\uff08Authorized Heritage Discourse\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u79f0AHD(\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff0c2006)[9]\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u6b27\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5173\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4eba\u6109\u60a6\u611f\u6216\u6709\u5f88\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3001\u9057\u5740\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u666f\u89c2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f20\u7ed9\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u88ab\u7a81\u51fa\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u5229\u7528\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u5bcc\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u7ed9\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8574\u542b\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u3001\u6709\u9650\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7b56\u5c55\u4eba\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u4f20\u8fbe\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e5f\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u9057\u4ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u672a\u6765\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u8eab\u4efd\u5efa\u6784\u3002\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u9057\u5740\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u5efa\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5173\u8054\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e4f\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6216\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4f7f\u6784\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed\u6846\u5b9a\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u6280\u672f\u5316\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7b56\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5927\u536b·\u54c8\u7ef4\uff08David Harvey)\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837[10]\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u4f26\u7406\u3002\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u53c2\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\/\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u4fdd\u62a4\/\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3000\u3000\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7740\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8def\u5f84\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u62c9\u6590\u5c14·\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\uff08Raphael Samuel\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5267\u573a\u300b[14]\uff081994:225\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86“\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e00”\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u4fdd\u5b88\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b66\u8005\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u672f\uff08\u622a\u6b62\u52302011\u5e745\u6708\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c1995\u5e74\u91cd\u5370\u7248\u7684\u7f57\u6e29\u7d22\u7684\u300a\u8fc7\u5f80\u5373\u4ed6\u4e61\u300b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u4e862600\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed61998\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7834\u574f\u300b\uff08The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History\uff09[11]\u7684\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u51fa500\u6b21\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279·\u4f11\u4f0a\u68ee\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9057\u4ea7\u5de5\u4e1a\u300b\uff08The Heritage Industry\uff09[5]\u7684\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86900\u3002\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5267\u573a\u300b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u53ea\u6709380\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8c37\u6b4c\u5b66\u672f\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u53bb\u4e16\u65f6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u800c\u7f57\u6e29\u7d22\u516b\u5341\u591a\u5c81\u4e86\u4f9d\u7136\u5f88\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u9057\u4ea7\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3000\u3000\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218[15][16][17][18][19]\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6311\u6218\u897f\u65b9\u9057\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u9057\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08UNESCO\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08ICROM\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u53e4\u8ff9\u9057\u5740\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff08ICOMOS\uff09\u7b49\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u897f\u65b9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u9002\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6216\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u5386\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u89c2\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u548c\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u9057\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u4e00\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u5728\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u6e90\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u529b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7b49\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5206\u914d\u5230\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u798f\u5229\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u6743\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5357\u5e0c·\u5f17\u96f7\u6cfd(Nancy Frazer)[20][21]\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c“\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb”(politics of recognition)\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u516c\u6b63\uff0c\u8981\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u8865\u507f[22]\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e0e\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u786e\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u5f53\u4f5c\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u533a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6025\u5207\u5730\u6e34\u671b\u638c\u63e1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u53d1\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u97f3[23]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u793e\u533a\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af·\u73ed\u6566\u58eb\uff08Denis Byrne)[24][25]\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u65b0\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u6279\u5224\u5730\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u878d\u5165\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u673a\u6784\u5316\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u3001\u793e\u533a\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u5728\u9057\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5229\u7528\u3001\u9610\u91ca\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u867d\u7136\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u3000\u3000\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u9057\u4ea7\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u6587\u7269\u8fd4\u8fd8\u3001\u6587\u7269\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u6279\u5224\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u9057\u4ea7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8“\u521b\u4f24\u9057\u4ea7”\uff08“heritage that hurts”\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e54\u4f0a·\u8428\u745f·\u74e6\u683c\u65af\u5854\u592b\uff08Joy Sather-Wagstaff)[38]\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u7684\u4e66\u540d\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u7531\u6cfd\u5c14\u548c\u5df4\u5170\u5766(Uzzell and Ballantyne)[39]\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u8b66\u4e16\u9057\u4ea7(difficult heritage)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u9057\u4ea7\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9057\u4ea7\u5177\u6709\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e5f\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u9057\u4ea7\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d9\u4e8b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6574\u9f50\u5212\u4e00\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u5e38\u5e38\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u88ab\u4eba\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u54c1\u5473\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u548c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u6325\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u827e\u739b·\u6c83\u7279\u5f64(Emma Waterton)\u548c\u53f2\u8482\u592b·\u6c83\u68ee(Steve Watson)\u7b49\u652f\u6301“\u975e\u518d\u73b0\u7406\u8bba”(non-representational theory)\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c·\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\uff0c\u6258\u5c3c·\u73ed\u5c3c\u7279\uff08Tony Bennett\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff08actor-network theory\uff09\u4e0e\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\uff1a1<\/font> | 2<\/u> | 3<\/u> | <\/p>\n
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\u3010\u672c\u6587\u8d23\u7f16\uff1a\u5f20\u4e3d\u4e3d\u3011<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u9057\u4ea7\u6279\u5224\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[179,51],"class_list":["post-9493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mingsuwenhua","tag-179","tag-51"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9493"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9493\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}