\n
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\u3000\u3000\u5728100\u5e74\u524d,\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e3b\u5f20:“\u4e0d\u662f\u5427!\u88ab\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5217\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6606\u66f2\u3001\u526a\u7eb8\u548c\u82b1\u513f\u7b49,\u8db3\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2,\u6240\u4ee5,\u5728100\u5e74\u524d\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e86”\u3002\u786e\u5982\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837,\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7,\u5c82\u6b62\u662f\u6570\u767e\u5e74,\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e0a\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4f46\u662f,\u5982\u6b64\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u6709\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5386\u53f2,\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5f53\u7136,\u5728100\u5e74\u524d,\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64,\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3,\u628a\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc6,\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c,\u90a3\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4,\u5728100\u5e74\u524d,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7,\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u5316\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5316,\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c,\u800c\u88ab\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7”\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u4e00\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4,\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u5230\u8fbe\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5,\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a“\u524d·\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3”,\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f53\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u63a5\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u524d·\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3”\u6765\u4e34\u7684\u662f“\u53cd·\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3”,\u5b83\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3,\u53e4\u5f80\u627f\u7ee7\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u88ab\u8f7b\u89c6,\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c,19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u540e,\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u8fdb,\u5bf9\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7,\u4e0e\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u662f,\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u987e\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c,\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u770b\u5230\u897f\u6b27\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6e17\u900f,\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u4e94\u56db\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u5bf9\u65e7\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6539\u826f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd8\u6709,\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u65f6\u671f,\u5728\u9882\u626c\u65b0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762,\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u843d\u540e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u571f\u6c14\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u6587\u5316\u800c\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u987e\u3002\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd,\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d,\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6587\u5316,\u88ab\u52a0\u4e0a“\u8ff7\u4fe1”\u7b49\u6807\u7b7e\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c,\u9887\u5177\u5632\u8bbd\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f,\u8fd9\u4e2a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\u7684“\u53cd·\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3”,\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u5951\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u770b,\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u52bf\u6001\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3,\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528,folklore——\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5374\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a2\u6c42,\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u8003\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u8bde\u751f,\u5bf9\u6b64,\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5,\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5426\u5b9a,\u53cd\u800c\u7531\u6b64\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f53\u4e4b\u5951\u673a\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd,\u5728\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684“\u524d·\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3”\u4e4b\u540e,\u662f“\u53cd·\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3”\u7684\u5230\u6765,\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u662f,\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3,\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f“\u6c11\u4fd7”,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6216\u8005“\u9057\u4ea7”\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7528\u8bed,\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\u5df2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd,\u636e\u6b64,\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u6d3b\u529b,\u800c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u53c8\u88ab\u611a\u5f04,\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u8bed\u4ee5\u53ca\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab,\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u7531\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6240\u521b\u9020,\u662f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u628a\u5177\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ee5“\u9057\u4ea7(heritage)”\u8fdb\u884c\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20,\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4ee5\u540e,\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5f62\u6210,\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u521d,\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u975e\u662f“\u9057\u4ea7”\u800c\u662f“\u8d22\u4ea7(property)”1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u57281954\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6d77\u7259(Hague),\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u516c\u7ea6(Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict)\u300b,\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u53ea\u662f“\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4ea7(cultural property)”\u3002\u8fd8\u6709,\u57281970\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u975e\u6cd5\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5176\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u7ea6(Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import,Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property)\u300b,\u5728\u6b64\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u8d22\u4ea7”\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019,\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u5316,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ed8\u753b\u3001\u96d5\u523b\u7b49“\u4f18\u79c0\u7684”\u3001“\u7f8e\u7684”\u7f8e\u672f\u54c1——\u5373\u662f\u4ee5\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61,\u5728\u5176\u65f6\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5“\u8d22\u4ea7”\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u30021950\u5e74\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b“\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5”,\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5f53\u521d\u662f\u4ee5\u827a\u672f\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316(\u6709\u5f62\u6587\u5316)\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61,\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u8d22\u4ea7”\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f,\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3,\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30001972\u5e74,\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6(Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage)\u300b\u7b7e\u7f72\u4ee5\u540e,\u4ece“\u8d22\u4ea7”\u5230“\u9057\u4ea7”——\u628a\u63e1\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u30021973\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd,\u4ee5\u5357\u7f8e\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u6c11\u8c23\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u521b\u4f5c\u7684“El Cóndor Pasa(“\u65e7\u68a6\u4f55\u5904\u5bfb”\u7684\u539f\u66f2“\u8001\u9e70\u4e4b\u6b4c”)”\u5927\u6d41\u884c,\u867d\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca,\u4f46\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u672c\u662f\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u8d77\u6e90\u5730\u7684\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u533a,\u8fde\u4e00\u6587\u94b1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u8fd4\u8fd8\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5927\u4f7f\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224,\u4ee5\u5411\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u957f\u53d1\u9001\u4e66\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f,\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u627f\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u5951\u673a,\u9488\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u9010\u6b65\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u4e4b\u540e,\u6b63\u5982\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u90a3\u6837,\u57282001\u5e74\u968f\u7740\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5ba3\u8a00(UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity)\u300b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7,\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u53e3\u5934\u548c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u9057\u4ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c(Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity)\u300b,\u53c8\u57282003\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6(Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage)\u300b,\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5c31\u6b64\u6269\u5927\u81f3\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u95f4,\u4f18\u54c1\u4e3b\u4e492\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u8083\u6e05,\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u5316;\u540c\u65f6,\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5168\u7403\u653f\u6cbb,\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b,\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8bdd,\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u3002\u786e\u5207\u6765\u8bf4,\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u65f6\u3002\u800c\u4e14,\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u70ed\u70b9(hotspot),\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5c31\u662f“\u4e2d\u56fd”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u72b6\u51b5,\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8003\u8651,2013\u5e7410\u6708,\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u7b2c65\u5c4a\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a,\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u7b56\u70ed\u70b9·\u4e2d\u56fd——\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60”\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a,\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u56db\u4f4d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u8005\u5b66\u672f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a,\u5c31\u8bf8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u70b9\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u8bae\u8bba,\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u5374\u53c8\u96be\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u8bba\u9898:\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898;\u53cd\u4e4b,\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1(discipline)\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u524d\u8005\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4ee5\u9648\u52e4\u5efa\u6c0f\u4e3a\u4e3b,\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c01\u95ed\u5728\u5b66\u95ee\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u547d,\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u540e\u8005\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4ee5\u65bd\u7231\u4e1c\u6c0f\u4e3a\u4e3b,\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6b63\u8d1f\u4e24\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd,\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd,\u6b63\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001,\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ffd\u89c6\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8,\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u8d1f\u7684\u9057\u4ea7”\u5c06\u7ed9\u540e\u4e16\u7559\u4e0b\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u770b\u4f3c\u6b63\u53cd\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u610f\u89c1,\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8868\u91cc\u4e00\u81f4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u9648\u6c0f\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u88ab\u6781\u7aef\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u8bdd,\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5982\u65bd\u6c0f\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u963b\u788d\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762,\u5982\u65bd\u6c0f\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u6781\u7aef\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u8bdd,\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u76f8\u80cc\u79bb,\u5c31\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5982\u9648\u6c0f\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u964d\u4f4e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u534a\u671f\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c,\u662f\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba,\u4e89\u8bba\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u672a\u6709\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u73b0\u5728,\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e2d\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u6709\u6240\u9ad8\u6da8,\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64,\u5728\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u540c\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u4ecb\u5165\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u884c\u4e3a;\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762,\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u540c\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b——\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e5f\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u3001\u4e14\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6beb\u65e0\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u5904\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u5e73\u9759\u7684\u72b6\u6001,\u4f46\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb,\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u80af\u5b9a\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5426\u5b9a\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67,\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9·\u79d1\u5c14\u7533\u5e03\u62c9\u7279-\u57fa\u5e03\u5217\u7279(Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6b67\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u8bba\u98981\u3002\u5979\u6839\u636e\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55,\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u5b66\u79d1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316——\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5b66\u79d1,\u56e0\u800c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u8303\u56f4,\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u5f81\u53ec\u5b66\u751f\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f2\u3002\u4f46\u662f,\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5b55\u80b2\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u6beb\u65e0\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684“\u62e5\u62a4(advocacy)”\u4e4b\u5371\u9669\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4,\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684“\u62e5\u62a4”\u76f8\u5206\u79bb,\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u5f00\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u8ba83\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65,\u79d1\u5c14\u7533\u5e03\u62c9\u7279-\u57fa\u5e03\u5217\u7279\u53c8\u63d0\u793a\u4e86“\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6240\u6709”\u4ee5\u53ca“\u8868\u8c61\u884c\u4e3a(representation)”\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u827a\u672f\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6027\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316(cultural objectification)”\u7b49——\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f,\u79d1\u5c14\u7533\u5e03\u62c9\u7279-\u57fa\u5e03\u5217\u7279\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u7814\u7a76,\u5bf9\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd——\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5982\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c55\u5f00\u63a2\u8ba8,\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u6325\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u75281\u3002\u540c\u65f6,\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u628a\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u622a\u7136\u5206\u88c2\u662f“\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba(mistaken dichotomy)”\u3002<\/p>\n
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