\n
\n\u6458\u8981\uff1a“\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb”\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684“\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed”\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u5168\u7403\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u672c\u571f\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5fd7\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u521d\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684“\u53e4\u8ff9”\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u5176\u5185\u6db5\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u672c\u571f\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u5316\u4e86\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7”\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u6253\u5f00\u53cd\u601d\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u4e2d\u56fd\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u53e4\u8ff9\uff1b\u9057\u4ea7\uff1b\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb\uff1b\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u89e3\u8bfb<\/p>\n
\n<\/blockquote>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bb0\u5fc6\u90fd\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u9057\u5fd8\u3002\u5728\u9057\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u539f\u672c\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u5ef6\u7eed\u3001\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8457\u540d\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6Pierre Ryckmans\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c“\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5374\u7ed9\u4e86\u5916\u6765\u53c2\u89c2\u8005\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002”[1]\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u6e29\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7\u70ed”\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\/\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u53c8\u5728\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u9057\u5fd8\u4e4b\u95f4\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb”(the politics of heritage)\uff1f\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e“\u9057\u4ea7”\u76f8\u4f3c\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4f55\u542f\u793a\u610f\u4e49\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u8003\uff0c“\u9057\u4ea7\u70ed”\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f0f\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u72c2\u70ed\u3002\u672c\u6587\u65e0\u610f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9010\u4e00\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u8fc2\u56de\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4ee5\u53e4\u4ee3\u65b9\u5fd7\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6709\u5173“\u53e4\u8ff9”\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u521d\u6b65\u5448\u73b0\u548c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u6316\u6398\u5b83\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u5316\u4e86\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7”\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u89e6\u53ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u85c9\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb”\u53cd\u601d\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u4e2d\u56fd\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8d70\u5411\u672c\u571f\u5316\u8f6c\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684“\u53e4\u8ff9”\u4e66\u5199\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0b\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u53cd\u601d\u5168\u7403“\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8”\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c“\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb”\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc“\u653f\u6cbb”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u5b83\u6cdb\u6307\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6597\u4e89\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6297\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u573a\u57df\u3002\u5728“\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb”\u89c6\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u9762\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ca\u5176\u9057\u7559\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\/\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u6216\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u63a9\u76d6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0b\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684“\u653f\u6cbb”\u540e\u679c\u3002[2][3]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6697\u85cf\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u9738\u6743\uff0c[4]“\u9057\u4ea7\u8fd0\u52a8”\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u65b0\u7684“\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81”\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u9057\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u672c\u571f\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002[5]Laurajane Smith\u654f\u9510\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4e86“\u6743\u5a01\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8bdd\u8bed”(Authorized Heritage Discourse\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0AHD)\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6307\u51faAHD\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u539f\u771f\u6027\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u6027(monumentality)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u7684\u5fd7\u8da3\u3002\u5b83\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u5165\u5e76\u6784\u6210\u4e86UNESCO\u7684\u516c\u7ea6\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u53e4\u8ff9\u9057\u5740\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a(ICOMOS)\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5baa\u7ae0\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u3001\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u3002[6]Emma Waterton\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5baa\u7ae0\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c06AHD\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u66f4\u4e3a\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u3002[7]\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cAHD\u4ecd\u672a\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002(1)[7][8]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u674e\u519b\u501f\u52a9\u77e5\u8bc6\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e86“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u9690\u85cf\u5176\u4e2d\u7684“\u6587\u660e\u51b2\u7a81”\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u3002[9]\u55bb\u5b66\u624d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u6316\u6398\u3002(1)\u6731\u715c\u6770\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e2d\u897f\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002[10]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7a76\u7adf\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u897f\u65b9\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8def\u5f84\u3002[11]\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u65e0\u88e8\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4ea7\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u9057\u4ea7”\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u53bb\u53d1\u6398\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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