\n
\n\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u6291\u6216\u5c0a\u91cd\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684“\u4e24\u6781”\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u5f52\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e13\u6ce8\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u641c\u96c6\u4e0e\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5efa\u6784\u8d85\u8d8a\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u89e3\u6790\u5b9e\u8df5\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7a81\u7834\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u72ec\u7acb\u6c11\u4fd7\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u904d\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ca\u975e\u9057\u5185\u5177\u4e4b\u5171\u4eab\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u8d44\u501f\u9274\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u5373\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b0\u8d77\u70b9\u4e0e\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\uff1b\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u6c11\u4fd7\u89e3\u6790\uff1b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff1b\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u674e\u7267\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff08\u6c5f\u82cf\u5357\u4eac210000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\n<\/blockquote>\n\u3000\u30001812\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\uff08Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm\uff09\u7f16\u8457\u7684\u300a\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u6545\u4e8b\u96c6\u300b\uff08Kinder-und Hausmärchen\uff0c\u82f1\u8bd1Children’s and Household Tales\uff09\uff08\u5373\u300a\u683c\u6797\u7ae5\u8bdd\u300b\uff09\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u79d1\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u6311\u6218\u751a\u81f3\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u4ee5\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u7cfb\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u70b9\u3001\u5e08\u8d44\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bfe\u7a0b\u591a\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u751a\u81f3\u88c1\u6c70\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0e\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u5404\u56fd\u53c8\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u91cd\u65b0\u627e\u5bfb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u91cd\u4f30\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u601d\u5b66\u79d1\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u5176\u5f53\u4ee3\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\uff08Alan Dundes\uff09\u5021\u5bfc\u7684“\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\uff08Grand Theory\uff09\u5efa\u6784\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u975e\u9057\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u975e\u9057\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u8f83\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u7684\u591a\u90e8\u8bba\u8457\u6216\u7f16\u8457\u4f5c\u54c1\u5df2\u88ab\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u591a\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u6c11\u4fd7\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u9664\u8bd1\u8005\u5728\u8bd1\u8457\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u8ff0\u8bc4\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u738b\u73cf\u7eaf\u3001\u674e\u626c\u3001\u6768\u5229\u6167\uff08\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u738b\u6770\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e01\u6653\u8f89\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u6240\u4e00\u76f4\u5021\u5bfc\u7684“\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\u5efa\u6784\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u6c11\u4fd7\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u89e3\u6790\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7eb2\u9886\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u503e\u5411\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u4eba\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u503e\u5411\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u6709\u5173”\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba“\u7684\u8bba\u4e89<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9762\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u3001\u54c8\u91cc\u65af·\u535a\u6770\uff08Harris M.Berger\uff09\u548c\u827e\u7565\u7279·\u6c83\u6797\uff08Elliot Oring\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\uff0c\u5f52\u4e8e\u672c\u5b66\u79d1\u672a\u80fd\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u8d44\u5229\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5373\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u4e8e\u81ea\u8bf4\u81ea\u8bdd\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u8d28\u7684“\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f55\u8c13“\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\uff1f\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u5c06\u4e4b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a“\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u8bfb\u6c11\u4fd7\u6750\u6599”\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7a46\u52d2\uff08Max Müller\uff09\u4e4b\u592a\u9633\u795e\u8bdd\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5f17\u96f7\u6cfd\uff08Sir James Frazer\uff09\u7684\u4ea4\u611f\u5deb\u672f\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff08Sigmund Freud\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\uff08psychoanalysis\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5217\u7ef4-\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\uff08Claude Lévi-Strauss\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08paradigmatic structuralism\uff09\u3002\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u6548\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u591a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e14\u5747\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u521b\u9020\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u53e3\u5934\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\uff08Parry-Lord oral formulaic theory\uff09\u3001\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08feminism\uff09\u6c11\u4fd7\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\uff08performance theory\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6750\u6599\u5185\u6db5\u53ca\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u7126\u8651\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u51762004\u5e74\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u8bb2\u6f14\u300a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u300b\uff08Folkloristics in the Twenty-First Century\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u79ef\u6781\u5efa\u6784\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66“\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u89c6\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5176\u4e16\u754c\u5b66\u672f\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u8981\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u6709\u5173“\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u58f0\u3002\u57282005\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u674e·\u54c8\u6797\uff08Lee Haring\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u9898\u540d\u4e3a“\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f55\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba”\uff08Why is there no“grand theory”in folkloristics\uff09\u7684\u4e13\u573a\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u6797\u3001\u67e5\u5c14\u65af·\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Charles L.Briggs\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea6\u7ff0·\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\uff08John W.Roberts\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff08ethnography-of-speaking\uff09\u548c\u8868\u6f14\u60c5\u5883\uff08performance-centered\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\u591a\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08method\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u54c8\u6797\u7b49\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u6709\u5173\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5730\u4f4d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u5c06\u52a8\u6447\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u573a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb·\u9053\uff08James R.Dow\uff09\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u540e\u8005\u7684\u80cc\u4e66\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5173\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5219\u8d5e\u540c\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5efa\u6784\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cd5\u6069\uff08Gary Alan Fine\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a“\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7a81\u7834\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5——\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u96be\u53bb\u5efa\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5e7f\u9614\u7ef5\u5ef6\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u3002”<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5219\u4f9d\u6258\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7·\u9c8d\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9f13\u52b1\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u5bfc\uff08a misguided enterprise\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u5e94\u5c06\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2a\u6848\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u4ed6\u547c\u5401\uff1a\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff08a set of premises about society and culture\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u5efa\u6784\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08general,common\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff08a conceptual frame of reference\/an orienting framework for inquiry\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4e0e\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6301\u8bba\u76f8\u5f02\uff0c\u9c8d\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u5e76\u4ecd\u5728\u5ef6\u7eed\u5efa\u6784\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u9c8d\u66fc\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u53ef\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8868\u6f14\u7814\u7a76\uff08performance studies\uff09\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u53f2\u8bd7\u5b66\uff08ethnopoetics\uff09\u3001\u4e92\u6587\u6027\u548c\u7cc5\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff08hybridity\uff09\u7b49\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u52a8\u5411\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u793c\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u53ca\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u8eab\u5b66\u79d1\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u5b66\u79d1\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u5b66\u672f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u4e0e\u9c8d\u66fc\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u7acb\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u70b9\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5747\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u534f\u8c03\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5180\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u841d\u897f·\u8bfa\u4f0a\u65af\uff08Dorothy Noyes\uff09\u548c\u51ef\u745f\u7433·\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\uff08Kathleen Stewart\uff09\u7b49\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u8c13“\u520d\u8bba”\uff08humble theory\uff09\u548c“\u5f31\u8bba”\uff08weak theory\uff09\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u7531\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u7531\u9093\u8fea\u65af2004\u5e74\u4e3b\u9898\u8bb2\u6f14\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u5173\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u4e89\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u58f0\u97f3——\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u8981\u52a1\u6291\u6216\u4ee5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u503e\u5411\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6b67\uff08\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u5171\u6709\u4e4b\u73b0\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9093\u8fea\u65af\u5173\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u5c06\u4e4b\u5206\u522b\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8bde\u751f\u5730\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c1a\u672a\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5c42\u559c\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d6b\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Johann Gottfried von Herder\uff09\u548c\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u72c2\u98d9\u7a81\u8fdb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5fb7\u56fd\u98ce\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6839\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f9d\u6258\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u6784\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u82ac\u5170\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u5c42\u4e5f\u8f6c\u5411\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u82ac\u5170\u53f2\u8bd7\u300a\u5361\u52d2\u74e6\u62c9\u300b\uff08Kalevala\uff09\u5373\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4f20\u7edf——\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5219\u6e90\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u5411\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u6b96\u6c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u4f20\u5165\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5f02\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u3001\u89c1\u95fb\u53ca\u5668\u7269\u7b49\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5f02\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u4f53\u8ba4\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f02\u540c\uff0c\u63a2\u5bfb\u5404\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8ba4\u77e5\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af·\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u592a\u9633\u795e\u8bdd\u5b66\u6d3e\u6240\u5efa\u57fa\u4e4b\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5370\u6b27\u6587\u5316\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e·\u6cf0\u52d2\uff08Edward B.Tylor\uff09\u4e4b\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f17\u96f7\u6cfd\u7684\u795e\u8bdd—\u4eea\u5f0f\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5747\u4e3a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6210\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u610f\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8d85\u8d8a\u5355\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u5730\u533a\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u5728\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4e00\u6761\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f1894\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u8dc3\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u540e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5728\u5185\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u79fb\u5411\u5317\u7f8e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u88d4\u5b66\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u79c9\u627f\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5317\u7f8e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u571f\u5b66\u8005\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u5730\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u571f\u751f\u6587\u5316\u3002\u57281888\u5e74\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u520a\u300b\uff08Journal of American Folklore\uff09\u7684\u300a\u53d1\u520a\u8bcd\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u81f3\u5c11\u56db\u7c7b\u6b63\u5728\u6025\u901f\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u53e4\u8001\u82f1\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u9057\u5b58\uff08\u5982\u6b4c\u8c23\u3001\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b9\u8a00\u7b49\uff09\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u4fd7\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5317\u7f8e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u8bed\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u7b49\u3002[3]\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u76ee\u5149\u4fbf\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5176\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5f17\u6717\u8328·\u535a\u5384\u65af\uff08Frans Boas\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u5317\u7f8e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5317\u7f8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u503e\u5411\u30021959\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u7814\u7a76\uff08American Civilization Studies\uff09\u5b66\u8005\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7·\u591a\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Richard M.Dorson\uff09\uff0c\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u6d41\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u3001\u7531\u65af\u8482·\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08StithThompson\uff09\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u6587\u5316\u5355\u4e00\u8d77\u6e90\uff08monogenesis\uff09\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u6c11\u4fd7\u4f20\u64ad\u4f26\u3002\u5728\u591a\u5c14\u68ee\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6b27\u4e9a\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8131\u79bb\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7aa0\u81fc\u800c\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u6837\u6001\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u7528“\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7”\uff08American folklore\uff09\u4ee3\u66ff“\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7”\uff08folklore in America\uff09\u3002\u591a\u5c14\u68ee\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7f57\u6770·\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u65af\uff08Roger D.Abrahams\uff09\u3001\u4e39·\u672c-\u963f\u83ab\u65af\uff08Dan Ben-Amos\uff09\u3001\u963f\u5170·\u9093\u8fea\u65af\uff08Alan Dundes\uff09\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279·\u4e54\u6cbb\u65af\uff08Robert Georges\uff09\u548c\u80af\u5c3c\u65af·\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766\uff08Kenneth Goldstein\uff09\u7b49“\u9752\u5e74\u624d\u4fca”\uff08young Turks\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u6c42\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u591a\u5c14\u68ee\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9752\u5e74\u624d\u4fca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u503e\u5411\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a“\u60c5\u5883”\uff08contextual\uff09\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u503e\u5411\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u7bc7\u7ae0\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7·\u9c8d\u66fc\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u8df5\u8f6c\u5411\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u6df1\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
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