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\n

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\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u8c03\u67e5\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5230\u5b66\u754c\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6797\u8000\u534e\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u7c7b\u578b\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u5176\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5219\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u5149\u8f6c\u5411\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5218\u9b41\u7acb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279(Julian Steward\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u5fb7)\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5730\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u53d6\u5411\u878d\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4f53\uff1a(1)\u4ee5\u6587\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u5316\uff1b(2)\u628a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1b(3)\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5316\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff1b(4)\u68c0\u9a8c\u751f\u6001\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8054\u7cfb”\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u53d7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ec4\u6210\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5173\u8054\u6027\u3002\u51af\u5929\u745c\u7b49\u4eba\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u521b\u9020\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5929\u7136\u73af\u5883\u53ca\u4eba\u9020\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u628a\u63e1\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8c03\u9002\u53ca\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb”\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u751f\u6001\u89c2\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6001\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5b58\u5728\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u5728“\u81ea\u7136\u573a”\u548c“\u793e\u4f1a\u573a”\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u6587\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf(\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883)\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u8005\u548c\u8c03\u89e3\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

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