{"id":9439,"date":"2024-05-15T16:25:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T08:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/15\/%e5%bc%a0%e4%b8%be%e6%96%87%e9%9d%9e%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e4%bb%8e%e8%ae%b0%e5%bd%95%e5%88%b0%e6%b6%88%e8%b4%b9%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T16:25:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T08:25:07","slug":"%e5%bc%a0%e4%b8%be%e6%96%87%e9%9d%9e%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e4%bb%8e%e8%ae%b0%e5%bd%95%e5%88%b0%e6%b6%88%e8%b4%b9%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/?p=9439","title":{"rendered":"[\u5f20\u4e3e\u6587]\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4ece\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u6d88\u8d39\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

 \u3000\u3000\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u5728\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4ece\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u5230\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u9648\u8ff0\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u548c\u9075\u4ece\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06\u5b66\u79d1\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u9057\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u975e\u9057\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8bba\u8ff0\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u6d89\u53ca\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u975e\u9057\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5e0c\u671b\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\uff0c\u5c3d\u65e9\u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff1b\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1b\u5b9e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u5f71\u50cf\u8bb0\u5f55<\/div>\n
\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u57282006\u5e74\u4e8e\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u4e8e\u6b66\u6c49\u548c\u957f\u9633\u53bf\uff09\u53ec\u5f00\u7684“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u66a8\u7b2c\u56db\u5c4a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u9752\u5e74\u8bba\u575b”\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5728\u7530\u91ce\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff09\u3002\u8bb0\u5f97\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u6750\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30002014\u5e74\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u63a8\u52a8\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86“\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u7530\u91ce\u8bb0\u5f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a”\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u878d\u5165\u4ece\u7acb\u9898\u5230\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ece\u7f16\u8f91\u5f71\u7247\u5230\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u5458\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8df5\u884c\u30022015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684“\u5723\u8bde\u8282”\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5f02\u6587\u5316\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8df5\u884c\u8ba9\u5b66\u5458\u4eec\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301“\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3”\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4e3b\u6301\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff082018\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u7a81\u51fa\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u8bd1\u6587\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30002015\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\uff08Ethical Principles for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u80cc\u666f\u8bf4\u660e(Background of the ethical principles for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage)\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff08Why are ethical principlesneeded for intangible cultural heritage?)\uff1a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9274\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff09\u5c06“\u793e\u533a”(communities)\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u975e\u9057\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5e76\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u5148\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684“\u975e\u9057”\u88ab\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5f55\u97f3\u6750\u6599\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6743\u76ca\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u4f26\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f3a\u5316\u6267\u884c2003\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4fbf\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\uff09\u7684\u547c\u5e94\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e2015\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u7b2c4\u6761\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u6709\u5173\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u900f\u660e\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u534f\u5546\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u81ea\u613f\u3001\u4e8b\u5148\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u5728\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7684“\u884c\u52a8\u6307\u5bfc”\uff08Operational Directives)\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u300093\u6bb5\uff1a“\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6807\u51c6”\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000103\u6bb5\uff1a“\u9f13\u52b1\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u548c“\u884c\u52a8\u6307\u5bfc”\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee5\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5730\u533a\u7684“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u610f\u8bc6”\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u5404\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u768412\u6761\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u52a8\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4ee5\u4fbf\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u9057\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u51fa2003\u5e74\u300a\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1b\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u6784\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3001\u9002\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd“\u975e\u9057”\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7cbe\u795e\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u9879\u76ee\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff08\u793e\u533a\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u6709\u5173\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u7684“\u6743\u5229”\u7684“\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u5c0a\u91cd”(recognized and respected)\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c2\u6761\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u673a\u6784\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u597d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u672c\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c3d\u5feb\u62df\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173“\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219”\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u548c\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u6d45\u89c1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5c06\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8981\u5c06“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u505a\u4eba\u4e0e\u505a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff1b\u800c\u6bcf\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u6218\u4e89\u52a8\u4e71\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u5229\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u800c\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u800c\u5b54\u5b50\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u6027\uff08\u4e00\u751f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\uff09\u624d\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u505a\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u505a\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u505a“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u6216\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff09\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5bf9\u4fdd\u62a4“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u591a\u6837\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u7684“\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u5c0a\u91cd”\uff0c\u662f“\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba”\u7684\u8df5\u884c\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5728“\u975e\u9057”\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u662f\u6839\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684“\u6210\u679c”\u6216“\u6548\u76ca”\u662f\u53f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u62a4“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e92\u52a8\u878d\u5408\u4e2d\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5728\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4“\u975e\u9057”\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u9500\u552e\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8de8\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f02\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u8c13“\u5f02\u6587\u5316”\u4e2d\u7684“\u975e\u9057”\u6216\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa“\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u5c0a\u91cd”\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u6d88\u8d39\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u9694\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u628a\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u505a\u4eba\u3001\u505a\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u505a\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u505a\u6587\u5316\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ee5“\u4fdd\u62a4”\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u53bb\u505a\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5229\u7528“\u5077\u62cd”\u6216“\u5077\u5f55”\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u8bf4\u660e\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\uff09\u624b\u6bb5\u4ee5\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u67d0\u9879\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff08\u5982\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u5a92\u4f53“\u66dd\u5149”\u6216“\u76f4\u64ad”\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u8ffd\u6c42\u67d0\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u76ee\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ee5\u5b66\u672f\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u8868\u800c\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u540d\u8a89\u548c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u6709\u5173\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\uff09\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f71\u50cf\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u5bf9\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u533a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u533a\uff09?\u56e0\u9075\u5faa\u4f26\u7406\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f26\u7406\u800c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5f97\u5931\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u4f20\u7edf?<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u4ece\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4eba\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u8005\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c31“\u975e\u9057”\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8b\u9879\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d“\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005”\u5728\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5(fieldwork)\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u73b0\u72b6<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6709\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6cd5<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\uff08\u4e43\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\uff09\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684“\u7530\u91ce”\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6b96\u6c11\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u5f3a\u52a0\u5f0f\uff1b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u63a0\u593a\u5f0f\uff1b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u9610\u91ca\u4fbf\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c42\u9762\u5c06\u5df1\u6240\u6b32\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4eba\uff1b\u4ee5\u5df1\u6240\u6b32\u5f3a\u53d6\u4e8e\u4eba\u3002\u59cb\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684“\u53cd\u601d”\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u4f9d\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5927\u91cf“\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7”\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684“\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5”\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5165\u4e61\u968f\u4fd7\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u4ee5\u6c42“\u548c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c”\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5f0f\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5f71\u89c6\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u7a7a\u5185\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u7684“\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e00\u65f6\u4e00\u5730”\uff09\u6240\u89c1\u6240\u95fb\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03“\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba”\u548c“\u5c0a\u91cd”\u5bf9\u65b9“\u6743\u5229”\u548c“\u6743\u76ca”\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373“\u65b9\u6cd5”\u548c“\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba”\uff0c\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u62cd\u6444\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a“\u5077\u62cd”“\u6446\u62cd”“\u65ad\u7ae0\u53d6\u4e49”“\u7f16\u8f91\u89e3\u8bf4”“\u514d\u8d39\u62cd\u6444”\u3001\u65e0\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u5f71\u50cf\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca“\u63ed\u79d8\u9690\u79c1”\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u6709\u5173\u6559\u6750\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u4fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5f71\u89c6\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f3a\u5931\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6db5\u76d6\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u5bf9\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4fa7\u91cd\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a“\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6750”“\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5212\u91cd\u70b9\u6559\u6750”\u7684\u300a\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\uff1a\u5f71\u50cf\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u300b\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u6240\u5217\u7684“\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e”\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u670937\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7eaf\u82f1\u6587\u8457\u8ff0\u67097\u90e8\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u548c\u6587\u96c6\u670914\u90e8\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u548c\u6587\u96c6\u670916\u90e8\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ea\u67093\u90e8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7247\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5173\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u827a\u672f\u548c\u7f8e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u9ad8\u5174\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86“\u6587\u5316\u4fb5\u5165”\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u79c0\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7ef4\u7cfb\uff1a“\u7231\u4eba\u4fee\u5df1”\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5b8c\u5584\uff1b“\u4e2d\u5eb8\u548c\u8c10”\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u63d0\u5230\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u6216\u79d1\u7814\u7acb\u9879\u6216\u5ba1\u6279\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d?<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u4ee5\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u627f\u529b\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4f20\u7edf\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u6df1\u5c42\u5185\u6838\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u660e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u611a\u6627\u7684\u730e\u5947\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u843d\u540e\u7684\u4fef\u77b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u843d\u540e\u5bf9\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4ef0\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u4eba\u6587\u5173\u6000\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e0e\u793c\u8d5e\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u65e0\u53ef\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u8981\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u95f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u611f\u60c5\u751f\u6d3b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u8981\u6709\u5403\u82e6\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0e\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4e86\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u62cd\u730e\u5947\u7684\u753b\u9762\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u62cd\u4e00\u95f4\u7834\u8305\u5c4b\uff0c\u62cd\u4e00\u4f4d\u7834\u8863\u70c2\u886b\u7684\u52b3\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u753b\u9762\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u6d3b\u6c14\u606f\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u6614\u65e5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u843d\u540e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u624d\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1“\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219”\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1“\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219”\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f“\u4ed6\u5c71\u4e4b\u77f3”\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u642c\u3002\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u524d\u8f66\u4e4b\u9274<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u884c\u4e3a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u67cf\u745e·\u6258\u5c14\u80af\uff08Barre Toelken 1935\uff0d2018)\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fc4\u52d2\u5188\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6863\u6848\u5ba4\uff0c\u72b9\u4ed6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u6587\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u827a\u672f\u90e8\uff0c\u5e76\u57281977\uff0d78\u5e74\u95f4\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4fd7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u300b\u7b49\u8457\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u6750\u3002\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e4b\u8def\u59cb\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u4e0e\u7eb3\u74e6\u970d\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb“\u9ec4\u4eba”(Yellowman)\u7684\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u9ec4\u4eba\u628a\u4ed6\u4ece\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6b7b\u795e\u624b\u4e2d\u6551\u4e86\u56de\u6765\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u6210\u4e3a\u9ec4\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u9ec4\u4eba\u548c\u90e8\u65cf\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u5f55\u97f3\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7ea660\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u9ec4\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u65cf\u4eba\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u5531\u7684\u6b4c\u7b49\u3002\u7528\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0e\u9ec4\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9ec4\u4eba\u548c\u7eb3\u74e6\u970d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u664b\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u540d\u58f0\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u4ed6\u628a\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\u90fd\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4e86\u9ec4\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002\u4ed61998\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u520a\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u4e5f\u57282003\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fc7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eb3\u74e6\u970d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u88ab\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7247\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7eb3\u74e6\u970d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u59d0\u59d0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9ec4\u4eba\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff08\u90a3\u65f6\u9ec4\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\uff09\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u628a\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\u90fd\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4e86\u5979\u3002“\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u7eb3\u74e6\u970d\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u7684”\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u540e\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9192\u540e\u4eba\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcd\u7cfb\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u6ce8\u5973\u6027\u8bb2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u65cf\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\uff1b\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u767d\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u51ed\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u610f\u601d\u53bb\u70ab\u8000\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u6015\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6258\u5c14\u80af\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e86\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\uff0c“\u5766\u767d”\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u91c7\u5f55\u6545\u4e8b\u65f6\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5728“\u8fd0\u7528”\u6545\u4e8b\u65f6\u7684\u7247\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u5f52\u8fd8\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8bb2\u8ff0\u65f6\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7ec8\u4e8e\u572850\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u61c2\u5f97\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u8fa9\u8bba\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u91c7\u5f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u613f\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdd\u80cc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u5f55\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u597d\u597d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6545\u4e8b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5176\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5c06\u4e3a\u65cf\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5730\u70b9\u64ad\u653e\u6216\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5417?\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u884c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u6240\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u95ee\u9898<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u7279\u522b\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u8457\u540d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5217\u7ef4·\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af(C\uff0eLévi\uff0dStrauss)\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u5230\u5df4\u897f\u505a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7530\u91ce\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u62cd\u6444\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7167\u7247\u3002\u8fd160\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u90a3\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u753b\u518c\u300a\u5df4\u897f\u56de\u5fc6\u300b\uff081994\uff09\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5df4\u897f\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7f57·\u91cc\u4e9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u4e0e\u4ed6\u540c\u884c\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u96c6\u300a\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u89c2\u770b\u300b\uff082001\uff09\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8981\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684“\u7530\u91ce”\u3001\u7ecf\u8fc7\u88c1\u526a\u8fc7\u7684\uff08\u6216\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u666f\u522b\u548c\u666f\u6df1\uff09\u753b\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd“\u539f\u59cb”\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5728“\u539f\u59cb”\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u524d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u73b0\u72b6\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u5904\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u524d\u8005\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u6805\u680f\u3001\u7535\u7ebf\u6746\u7b49“\u73b0\u4ee3”\u6751\u843d\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u666f\u522b\u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u671f\u526a\u88c1\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u518d\u73b0\u6216\u6d88\u9664“\u80cc\u666f”\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7279\u5199\u753b\u9762\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u8d28\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u62cd\u6444\u8fd9\u6837\u753b\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8d28\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u7528\u8ffd\u95ee\u7684“\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64”\uff08so what?)\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u7406\u89e3\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u6216\u5177\u4f53\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u666e\u4e16\u6807\u51c6\u5417\uff1f\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u662f\u7406\u60f3\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u5c42\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ec5\u4ece\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u8df5\u884c\u4e8e\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u8fdb\u5165\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\u6216\u5c55\u793a\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u8fd9\u6839“\u5f26”\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u628a\u8fd9\u6839\u5f26“\u7ef7\u7d27”\u3002\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u5e38\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u5f71\u89c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u73b0\u573a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7eb8\u7b14\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u751a\u6216\u5f55\u97f3\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u8be5\u62cd\u6444\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6743\u76ca\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u540d\u8a89\u548c\u826f\u77e5\uff09\uff1b\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff1b\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ece\u62cd\u6444\u9879\u76ee\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u7684“\u65c1\u89c2\u8005”\u7b49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5145\u5206\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u62cd\u6444\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u575a\u6301\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6240\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u4f26\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u4e3a\u634d\u536b\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\uff08\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u6709\u65f6\u6bd4\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u638c\u63e1\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u57fa\u672c\u51c6\u5907<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7d20\u517b\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u79d1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e0b\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u95ee\u9898\u5417?\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\u5417?\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c?\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u8be5\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb?\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55“\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1”\u8fd8\u662f“\u4ed6\u8005”\uff1f\u8c01\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08\u6c11\u4fd7\uff09\uff1f\u8c01\u5728\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c01\u8fdb\u884c\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u51c6\u5907\u62cd\u6444\u9879\u76ee<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u5c06\u8981\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4f24\u5bb3\uff08\u540d\u58f0\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u793e\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\uff09\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u5c06\u8981\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u5f53\u5730\u4e60\u4fd7\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u5417\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u5c06\u8981\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6216\u552f\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u5417\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6b64\u62cd\u6444\u9879\u76ee\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u4f20\u7edf\u6216\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u5c06\u8981\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5f97\u5230\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u5417\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff086\uff09\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u548c\u5229\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff087\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u540d\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u5229\u4e0e\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff088\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u5f97\u5931\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u786e\u662f\u5426\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e66\u9762\uff08\u6216\u5f55\u97f3\uff09\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u58f0\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff1b\u4e0e\u91c7\u8bbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e8b\u5148\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1b\u91c7\u8bbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u91c7\u8bbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff1b\u5411\u91c7\u8bbf\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bf4\u660e\u62cd\u6444\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u7528\u9014\uff1b\u62cd\u6444\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u51c6\u5907\u73b0\u573a\u62cd\u6444<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5f53\u5730\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8282\u5e86\u6216\u65e5\u5b50\uff1b\u5f53\u5730\u6709\u5173\u8f88\u5206\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u4e0e\u7981\u5fcc\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7a7f\u7740\uff08\u5f53\u5730\u7981\u5fcc\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\uff09\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8a00\u884c\uff08\u5f53\u5730\u7981\u5fcc\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\uff09\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u996e\u98df\uff08\u5f53\u5730\u7981\u5fcc\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\uff09\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5f53\u5730\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u6240\u6709\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u573a\u666f\u548c\u955c\u5934\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u6216\u4e8b\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u5417\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u62cd\u6444\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u660e\uff08\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5e94\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u62cd\u6444\u6216\u91c7\u8bbf\uff1f\uff09<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u662f\u5426\u534f\u8c03\u597d\u4e86\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u662f\u5426\u534f\u8c03\u597d\u4e86\u4e0e\u73b0\u573a\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff086\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5904\u7406\u597d\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff087\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u53e3\u5934\uff08\u5f55\u97f3\u6216\u5f55\u50cf\uff09\u6216\u4e66\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u540e\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0e\u6210\u679c\u5c55\u793a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u63d0\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u548c\u6240\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u6210\u7247\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u6216\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u5f97\u5230\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u5417\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u5982\u679c\u62cd\u6444\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u5b66\u79d1\uff08\u751a\u6216\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\uff09\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5417\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f71\u7247\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u5f88\u5e7f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff09\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u6210\u7247\u7f72\u540d\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7f72\u540d\u6216\u62a5\u916c\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff086\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u6216\u5176\u793e\u533a\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7f72\u540d\u6216\u6743\u5229\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff087\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7f6e\u6216\u4fdd\u7ba1\u7d20\u6750\u7247\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6837\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u7247\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff088\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u7b7e\u7f72\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5229\u6da6\u548c\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u5408\u540c\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30002\uff0e\u4f26\u7406\u53cd\u601d<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53bb\u62cd\u6444\u8bb0\u5f55\u67d0\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6fd2\u4e34\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8be5\u575a\u6301\u62cd\u6444\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u62cd\u6444\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u8be5\u6c11\u4fd7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u591a\u65b9\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u8003\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u754c\u5c31\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\uff09\uff1a\u6c11\u4fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u6216\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u662f\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7684\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u6b64\u90e8\u5206“\u5b8c\u6574”\u548c“\u771f\u5b9e”\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u7ed9\u516c\u4f17\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7d20\u6750\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u540d\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u5f53\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u6216\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684“\u5185\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6”\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u601d\u62cd\u6444\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u91cd\u6e29\u548c\u53cd\u7701\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5e95\u7ebf\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6216\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u67d0\u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4f7f\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e86\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u30003\uff0e\u4f26\u7406\u7ef4\u62a4<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5230\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u5230\u540e\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4ece\u6210\u7247\u7684\u64ad\u653e\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6863\u6848\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u54c1\u7247\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4efb\u4f55“\u7279\u6280”\u6216“\u914d\u52a0”\u4efb\u4f55\u753b\u9762\u548c\u97f3\u58f0\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u7684“\u610f\u56fe”\uff0c“\u538b\u5236”\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684“\u58f0\u97f3”\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u7684“\u58f0\u97f3”\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u9700\u8981\u805a\u7126\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u753b\u9762\u7684“\u7f8e”\uff0c\u97f3\u54cd\u7684“\u7f8e”\uff0c\u800c\u6b6a\u66f2“\u771f\u5b9e”\u7684\u7f8e\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u59a5\u5f53\u5229\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f71\u89c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u98ce\u683c\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898——\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5c0a\u91cd\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5229\u7528“\u4ed6\u8005”\u6765\u5f3a\u8feb\u53d7\u4f17\u63a5\u53d7\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u51c6\u7ebf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u90e8\u6c11\u4fd7\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u5236\u4f5c\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5e95\u7ebf\uff1f\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u591a\u5c11\u4f1a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u751f\u6d3b\u771f\u5b9e\uff1f<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u4f20\u7edf\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u5c42\u9762\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u89d2\u5ea6\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7ed3\u8bed<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u62cd\u6444\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u8bfe\u9898\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4f26\u7406\u8df5\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a“\u975e\u9057”\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8df5\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728“\u975e\u9057”\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u4ee5\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f20\u627f\u662f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c“\u975e\u9057”\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d70\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5f71\u89c6\u8bbe\u5907\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057”\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u4f55\u7ef4\u7cfb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5438\u53d6\u524d\u8f66\u4e4b\u9274\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5c06\u4f26\u7406\u7ef4\u62a4\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u7684“\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u5219”\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684“\u975e\u9057”\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u539f\u6587\u520a\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u300b2020\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4ece\u7565\uff0c\u8be6\u53c2\u539f\u520a\uff09<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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