\n
\n\u6458 \u8981\uff1a\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42\u7ea7\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd120\u5e74\u7684\u975e\u9057\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u5411\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u975e\u9057\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u4f20\u627f\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u9057\u6559\u80b2\u63a8\u5e7f\u3001\u975e\u9057\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u9057\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u6f84\u6e05\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ece“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5230“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6bcf\u9879\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ece\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u591a\u5143\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff1b\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff1b\u5b9e\u8df5\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u5b66\u79d1\u5316<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u5f20\u4e3e\u6587\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5d34\u6d9e\u5927\u5b66(Willamette University)\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u6559\u6388(\u7f8e\u56fd\u585e\u52d2\u59c697301)\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u517c\u804c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n
\n<\/blockquote>\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0“\u975e\u9057”)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe”\u6709\u7740\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u975e\u9057\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6e10\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6096\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8fa8\u6790\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u4e49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9“\u975e\u9057\u8fdb\u6821\u56ed”\u548c“\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe”\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u6216\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u6216\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5177\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u975e\u9057\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u5230(\u9ad8\u6821)“\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe”\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9(\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898)\u662f\uff1a\u9274\u4e8e“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8df5\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5e94\u8be5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u9057\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u9057\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u9996\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5230“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6784\u5efa“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u5b66\u672f\u8303\u7574\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u5b66\u672f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u524d\u63d0\u4e00\uff1a\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u662f“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5305\u62ec“\u975e\u7269\u8d28(\u65e0\u5f62)\u6587\u5316”\u4e0e“\u7269\u8d28(\u6709\u5f62)\u6587\u5316”\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u4e0e“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e“\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316”\u4e0e“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u524d\u63d0\u4e8c\uff1a“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5931\u53bb“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6fd2\u4e34\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5f85\u4e8e\u7ee7\u7eed\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u8fa8\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e“\u5386\u53f2”“\u5b66\u79d1\u53f2”\u548c“\u4f20\u7edf”\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u4e00\u540c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u6982\u5ff5\u878d\u5165\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u524d\u63d0\u4e09\uff1a“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8df5\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f“\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316”\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u7406\u89e3“\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u79d1\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5173“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8303\u7574\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u524d\u63d0\u56db\uff1a\u4ee5“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u79d1\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u660e\u786e\uff0c“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\uff0c\u5373“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u89c6\u89d2\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e“\u5386\u53f2”“\u6587\u5b66”\u7b49\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u89c6\u89d2\u6478\u7d22\u51fa“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5c06“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u79d1\u7814\u4f53\u7cfb(\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u8c31\u7cfb)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e2d\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u4f20\u627f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684“\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf”\u6216“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u575a\u5b88\u81ea\u5df1\u7684“\u6839”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u505a\u627c\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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