\n
\u3000\u3000\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5728\u6982\u62ec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684“\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229”\u8bf4\u3001“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743”\u8bf4\u3001“\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743”\u8bf4\u3001“\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u6269\u5f20”\u8bf4\u7b49\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u5e94\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\uff1b\u65b0\u578b\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u5229<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u5229\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u9014\u5f84\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u6743\u5229\u7684\u843d\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7f3a\u4f4d\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u9762\u4e34\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u76ca\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u77e5\u540d\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u7701\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u8d75\u6653\u6f9c\u544a\u8bc9\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u9762\u4e34\u4e0d\u5bb9\u56de\u907f\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\uff1a“\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u6587\u5316\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u610f\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u5730\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u670d\u9970\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7b49\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56de\u62a5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u5e76\u672a\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u5230\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5229\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u5bf9\u62e5\u6709\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u672a\u8d77\u5230\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u706f\u53f0\u6811\u3001\u706f\u76cf\u82b1\u662f\u6ec7\u5357\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u6cbb\u75c5\u826f\u836f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u533b\u836f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6b62\u54b3\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u5fc3\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u7279\u6548\u836f\u540e\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u5747\u672a\u56e0\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u62a5\u3002”[1] \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c“\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u6709\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u65b0\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e13\u5229\u3001\u7248\u6743\u4ea7\u54c1\u540e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u5784\u65ad\u3002” [2]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u975e\u7f55\u89c1\u3002“\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5728\u8d35\u5dde\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u76d7\u7528\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c61\u5c61\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5\u82d7\u65cf\u670d\u9970\u3001\u53cd\u6392\u6728\u9f13\u821e\u3001\u4f97\u65cf\u5927\u6b4c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6c11\u95f4\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f97\u65cf\u98ce\u96e8\u6865\u548c\u9f13\u697c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5efa\u7b51\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u82d7\u836f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u836f\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u5360\u6709\u548c\u76d7\u7528\u3002”[3]“\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u836f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u548c\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u76d7\u7528\u3001\u6ee5\u7528\u3002”[4]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u6a21\u7cca\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u8a00\uff0c“\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5904\u4e8e\u516c\u6709\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u6284\u88ad\u6216\u6a21\u4eff\u3002\u521b\u9020\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8fa9\u89e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u667a\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u3002”[5]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5bf9\u5176\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5236\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u76d7\u7528\u6216\u65e0\u507f\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u547c\u5524\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u8be5\u7c7b\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed9\u4e0e\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f9d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6551\u6d4e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002“\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u6297\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u57df\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u8d5a\u94b1\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e0e\u5176\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f380\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5148\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5185\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u533a\u57df\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u6cd5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5c06\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u7684‘\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7’\u3001‘\u4f20\u7edf\u9057\u4ea7’\u6216‘\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90’\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6b32\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u79cd\u8d22\u4ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u3002”[6]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u4e8e“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u89c1\u89e3<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6982\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000(\u4e00)“\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229”\u8bf4<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u90ed\u7389\u519b\u3001\u5510\u6d77\u6e05\u5728\u5176\u300a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7814\u7a76——\u4ee5<\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u516c\u7ea6>\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6743\u6587\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002”“\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c‘\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4eba\u79cd\u7684\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u5171\u540c\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u5949\u548c\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002’” \u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e3b\u5f20\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5316\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\u6743\u3001\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u51b3\u6743\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u6743\u3002[7]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6027\u8d28\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743”\u8bf4<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743”\u662f\u7531“\u751f\u7269——\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5168\u7403\u8054\u76df”\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u634d\u536b\u8005\u8fbe\u91cc\u5c14·A.\u6ce2\u585e\u548c\u683c\u96f7\u5384\u59c6·\u675c\u7279\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90”\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u90e8\u65cf\u5bf9\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u5229”\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f88\u5e7f\uff0c“\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6587\u5316\u666f\u89c2\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u9664\u4e86‘\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u5229’\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u5c55\u6743\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u3002”[8]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fbe\u91cc\u5c14\u5148\u751f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4fdd\u536b\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684‘\u6587\u5316’\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002”[9] \u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4ee5\u8868\u683c\u56fe\u793a\u5176\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6743\u5229\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u4f8b\u4e3e\u7684“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u5229”\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4eba\u6743;\u81ea\u51b3\u6743;\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229;\u571f\u5730\u548c\u9886\u571f\u6743;\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u6743;\u53d1\u5c55\u6743;\u9690\u79c1\u6743;\u4f18\u5148\u5141\u8bb8\u6743;\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b8c\u6574;\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743;\u90bb\u63a5\u6743;\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u6cd5\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5408\u540c\u548c\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u6743\u5229;\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u6743;\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u7684\u6743\u5229;\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229;\u6587\u5316\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u540c;\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u8ba4\u540c;\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002[10] \u4ece\u5176\u5217\u4e3e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\u5e94\u8be5\u662f“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u5229” \u7684\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u80af\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8d4b\u4e88\u571f\u8457\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u65f6\u627f\u8ba4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u662f\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u5229”\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5927\u4e8e“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u5171\u6027\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u7b49\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u674e\u53d1\u8000\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f——\u5f53\u524d\u7acb\u6cd5\u7126\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u8be5\u5c31\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002”“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u76ca\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\u7684\u7edf\u7b79\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4eba\u6743\u539f\u5219\u6240\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u8ba4\u53ef\u6587\u5316\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u5272\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf8\u591a\u6743\u5229\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u81ea\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u6743\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u548c\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6743\uff0c\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u4e8b\u5148\u660e\u786e\u540c\u610f\u6743\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u5b8c\u6574\u6743\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u6743\uff0c\u8ba2\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u534f\u8bae\u6743\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e60\u60ef\u6cd5\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u53ca\u519c\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u6743\u7b49\u7b49\u3002” [11]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f5c\u8005\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5c06“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743”\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u7406\u89e3\uff0c“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u5728“\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6743”\u540d\u4e0b\u5305\u7f57\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\uff0c\u7565\u663e\u6742\u4e71\u3002\u5982\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u548c“\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743”\u3001“\u90bb\u63a5\u6743”\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c5e\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u5217\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8be5\u89c2\u70b9\u6240\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6743\u5229\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u6551\u6d4e\u6027\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u4e0b\u4f4d\u6cd5\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5c5e\u6027\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u53c8\u5982\uff0c“\u571f\u5730\u548c\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531”\u7b49\u53c8\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8303\u7574\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000(\u4e09)“\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743”\u8bf4<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000“\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743”\u8bf4\u662f\u88ab\u56fd\u5185\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ece\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u51fa\u53d1\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ed9\u4e0e\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4ee5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u66f4\u4e3a\u591a\u89c1\u3002\u5728CNKI\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d221995——2010\u5e74\u4e3b\u5f20\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u8fd120\u7bc7(\u4ee5“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4”\u4e3a\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\uff0c\u5171\u68c0\u7d22\u523044\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0)\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002“\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743”\u8bf4\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u30002007\u5e74\u4e24\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u4eba\u5927\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u9648\u745e\u6e05\u5728\u63d0\u6848\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\uff0c“\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e94\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u589e\u5f3a\u6211\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u59d4\u5458\u8521\u81ea\u5174\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6070\u5f53\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u3002”[12]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7518\u660e\u3001\u5218\u5149\u6893\u64b0\u6587\u300a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c“\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e3a\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u521b\u8bbe\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u3002”[13]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e25\u6c38\u548c\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5176\u300a\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6307\u51fa“\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u95ee\u9898”[14]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u8015\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u66f4\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002[15]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743,\u662f\u6307\u7279\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u533a\u57df\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2a\u4eba(\u5373\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u4eba)\u5bf9\u5176\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u3002”[16]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u539f\u56fd\u5bb6\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6218\u7565\u5236\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u6587\u5e0c\u51ef\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u6b64\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c“\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u6587\u827a\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u8d44\u6e90\u540c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u529b\u6210\u679c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7cbe\u795e\u63a8\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u5d07\u5c1a\u516c\u6b63\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u660e\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002” [17] \u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5728\u6df1\u523b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e8c\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5c06“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a“\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743”\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u4e88\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000(\u56db)“\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u6269\u5f20”\u8bf4<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u5b66\u8bf4\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u754c\u3002Matthew Rimmer\u5728\u5176\u300a\u571f\u8457\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4——\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa“\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u6269\u5f20”\u8bf4\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa“1993\u5e74\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u571f\u5730\u6743\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0e1999\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u5b58\u6cd5\u300b\u90fd\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5f53\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4ea7\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u9644\u7740\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u548c\u6c34\u6e90\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u571f\u8457\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u571f\u5730\u4ea7\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8bb8\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5236\u5ea6\u3002” [18]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8eab\u4e3a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u571f\u8457\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784Terri Janke & Company\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5f8b\u5e08Terri Janke\u8868\u793a\uff1a“\u5e94\u8be5\u652f\u6301\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5e76\u5c06\u571f\u8457\u571f\u5730\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5236\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u571f\u8457\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u5728Yanner\u8bc9Eaton\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a“\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u627f\u8ba4\u571f\u8457\u6743\u76ca\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e0e\u571f\u5730\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002” [19]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8054\u90a6\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98Kirby\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5f20“\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u571f\u5730\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002” [20]<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000“\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743\u6269\u5f20”\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5c06\u5df2\u6709\u7684“\u571f\u8457\u4ea7\u6743”\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5236\u5ea6\u539f\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684\u571f\u8457\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u672c\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u82f1\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001“\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743”\u5e94\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6743\u5229<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000“\u65b0\u578b\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u5229”\u8bf4\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u90fd\u6709\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u5c5e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388Robert K. Paterson\u548c\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u7eb3\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388Dennis S. Karjala \u5728\u5176\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c“\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6027\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002” [21]<\/p>\n
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