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    <\/span><\/span>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u672c\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u8d22”<\/span>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65e5\u672c<\/span>\u56fd\u6c11\u7684“\u751f\u6d3b<\/span>\u6837<\/span>\u5f0f”\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u8fc1\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/span>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u65e5\u8bed“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u8d22”\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u82e5\u8bd1\u6210\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u3002“<\/span>\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5177\u6709“\u6709\u5f62”\u548c“\u65e0\u5f62”\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8863\u98df\u4f4f\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5e74\u4e2d\u884c\u4e8b\u7b49“\u65e0\u5f62”\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u827a\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b“\u6709\u5f62”\u7684\u8863\u7269\u3001\u5668\u5177\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5bb6\u5177\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u7269\u54c1\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u3002“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9762\u8c8c<\/span><\/span>[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5“\u518d\u751f\u4ea7”\u7684\uff08\u50cf\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e74\u4e2d\u884c\u4e8b\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u5730\u800c\u5f02\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/span>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89e3\u8bf4\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684“\u6c11\u4fd7”\u6216“<\/span>\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u627f”\u9887\u4e3a\u76f8\u8fd1\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u540c\u4e49\u3002“\u6c11\u4fd7”\u6216“\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u627f”\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e3\u627f\u6587\u827a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u60ef\u884c\u7b49\u7684\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u88ab\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u53cd\u590d\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6216\u53e3\u8033\u76f8\u4f20\uff0c\u6216“\u4ee5\u5fc3\u4f20\u5fc3”\uff0c\u6216\u501f\u52a9\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u628a<\/span>“<\/span>\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u627f”\u6216“\u6c11\u4fd7”\u4e5f\u89c6\u4e3a“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u591a\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u524d\u4eba\u6240\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u6cbf\u88ad\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684“\u6c11\u4fd7”\u3001“\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u627f”\u6216<\/span>\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u8c61<\/span>\u5747\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5217\u5165\u6216\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a“\u91cd\u8981\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u6216“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u5176\u4e88\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u8fc1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684“\u5371\u673a”\u5e7f\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u81ea<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>50<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u9010\u6e10\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u6025\u5267\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u9042\u4f7f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u65e5\u76ca\u6fd2\u4e34\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u79ef\u6781\u62a2\u6551\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/span>\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u4e8e“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u503e\u5411\u30021950<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u5212\u5f52\u5728“\u6709\u5f62\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u30021954<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06“\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u4ece“\u6709\u5f62\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5355\u5217\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5145\u5b9e\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e“\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86“\u91cd\u8981\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599\u6307\u5b9a\u5236\u5ea6”\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u4e86“\u9009\u62e9\u65e0\u5f62\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5236\u5ea6”\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86<\/span>\u6b64\u540e\u7684“\u91cd\u8981\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684<\/span>\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0e<\/span>\u4fdd\u62a4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002<\/span>\u628a“\u91cd\u8981\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u4e5f\u89c6\u4e3a“<\/span>\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u4e00\u822c\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b“\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5168\u4f53\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/span>1975<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u8f83\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5c06“\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff0c<\/span>\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>“\u65e0\u5f62\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u548c“\u6709\u5f62\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff0c\u5e76<\/span>\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9887\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c1975<\/span>\u5e74\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u521b\u8bbe\u4e86“\u91cd\u8981\u6709\u5f62\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff08<\/span>\u5404\u79cd\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u670d<\/span>\u9970<\/span>\u3001\u5668\u76bf\u3001\u5bb6\u5177\u3001\u5bb6\u5c4b\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49<\/span>\uff09\u548c“\u91cd\u8981\u65e0\u5f62\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\uff08\u6d89\u53ca<\/span>\u8863\u98df\u4f4f\u3001<\/span>\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5e74\u8282\u5e86\u5178\u7b49\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5236\u5ea6\u30022004<\/span>\u5e74\u65e5\u672c<\/span>\u7b2c159<\/span>\u5c4a\u56fd\u4f1a<\/span>\u5bf9\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6539\u8ba2\uff0c\u9664\u521b\u8bbe\u4e86“\u6587\u5316\u666f\u89c2\u4fdd\u62a4\u5236\u5ea6”\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6280\u672f”\u4e5f\u5217\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5728“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e86“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6280\u672f”\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c2004<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u8fd8\u6269\u5927\u4e86“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u767b\u5f55\u5236\u5ea6”\u7684\u6db5\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5bf9“\u6709\u5f62\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u4e5f\u5b9e\u884c\u767b\u5f55\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec<\/span>\u4ece\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u51e0\u7ecf\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9“\u6709\u5f62”\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff08\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\uff09\u548c“\u65e0\u5f62”\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5e76\u91cd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u4ece\u5668\u7269\u3001\u827a\u672f\u53ca\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\u5230\u6c11\u4fd7\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d22\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u76f8\u7ee7\u5bf9“\u6c11\u4fd7\u8d44\u6599”\u3001“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u548c“\u6c11\u4fd7\u6280\u672f”\u7b49\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6216\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u5c31\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9<\/span><\/span>[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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