{"id":8845,"date":"2024-05-14T19:10:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T11:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/14\/%e6%b2%83%e5%b0%94%e5%a4%ab%e5%86%88%c2%b7%e5%8d%a1%e8%88%92%e5%b7%b4%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e5%9c%a8%e6%ac%a7%e6%b4%b2%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e6%9c%ac%e7%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e7%a5%9e%e8%af%9d\/"},"modified":"2024-05-14T19:10:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T11:10:38","slug":"%e6%b2%83%e5%b0%94%e5%a4%ab%e5%86%88%c2%b7%e5%8d%a1%e8%88%92%e5%b7%b4%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7%e5%9c%a8%e6%ac%a7%e6%b4%b2%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e6%9c%ac%e7%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e7%a5%9e%e8%af%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baike.ytso.com\/?p=8845","title":{"rendered":"[\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188\u00b7\u5361\u8212\u5df4]\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u2500\u2500\u672c\u771f\u7684\u795e\u8bdd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\n\u3000\u3000\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u8981\u8c08\u8c08“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”(cultural heritage)\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6f2b\u957f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f1a\u517c\u53ca“\u6587\u5316\u672c\u771f\u6027”(cultural authenticity)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u573a“\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684”\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684“\u6b27\u6d32\u7684”\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8bf8\u4f4d\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u8bd7\u610f\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u8981\u5148\u4ece\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f00\u59cb\u30021927\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b•\u6d1b\u7279(Joseph Roth) \u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u9003\u4ea1\u300b\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u3002\u6d1b\u7279\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9a\u4eba \u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14——\u6216\u8bb8\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64——\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u65f6\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u5230\u4e861920\u5e74\u4ee3\u70ab\u4e3d\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6c99\u9f99\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516cFranz Tunda\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e16\u6545\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5173\u8d35\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u90a3\u5929\u7684\u5e84\u4e25\u65f6\u523b\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u6b21Tunda\u95ee\uff1a“\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u60a8\u58f0\u79f0\u8981\u4fdd\u536b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u5916\u6765\u7684\u51b2\u51fb?”<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000“\u90a3\u662f\u5b97\u6559!”——\u603b\u7406\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u4e0a\u8fc7\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000“\u90a3\u662f\u6587\u660e!”——\u592b\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5979\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000“\u90a3\u662f\u827a\u672f!”——\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u4e0a\u5b66\u4ee5\u6765\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u770b\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e45\u7ed8\u753b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81ea\u8d1f\u800c\u53c8\u7a7a\u865a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c“\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316”\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u91cc\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u6765\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5632\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e5f\u670980\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6d1b\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5374\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u5173“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u8bba\u4e89\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7275\u6d89\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u7740\u53cc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5951\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf“\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u610f\u5473\u7740“\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027”(political correctness);\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u88ab\u559c\u7231\u3001\u76f8\u5f53\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u5728\u6b27\u6d32——\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u6b27\u6d32——\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5982\u4f55?\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\uff1a\u4e0e\u6d1b\u7279\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u76f8\u4f3c——\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8c61\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53c8\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\uff1a\u53e4\u8001\u800c\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u6709\u5173“\u6b27\u6d32\u6027”\u548c“\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u7eed\u4e86200\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45!<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c“\u6b27\u6d32\u6027”\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u4fee\u8f9e\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0e\u5173\u8054(associations)\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u6027\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u53d1\u6563\u6027\u7684(diffuse)\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728“\u6b27\u6d32\u6027”\u7684\u4e09\u68f1\u955c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u88ab\u53d1\u6563\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5149\u5148\u88ab\u805a\u96c6\u8d77\u6765\u518d\u88ab\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u53bb\u540e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u57281989\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u91cc\u5bf9\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u6298\u5c04\uff0c“\u6b27\u6d32”\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd8\u6807\u8bb0\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u886c\u6258\uff0c“\u96c6\u4f53\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5f62\u8c61”\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55——\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6b27\u6d32“\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb”\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd“\u5f00\u653e\u7684”\u60c5\u52bf\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u524d\u666f\u548c\u8bc6\u89c1\uff1a\u8003\u5bdf\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u666f\u89c2(landscape)\u548c\u5fc3\u610f\u666f\u89c2(mindscape)\u7684\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u6211\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684“\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u9057\u4ea7”\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728“\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u666f”\u4e0e“\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5ff5”\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5171\u8c0b;\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u5f0f\u7684“\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7”\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca“\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u60f3\u8c61”\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7684\u9057\u4ea7<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00“\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u9057\u4ea7”\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u9053\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00“\u9057\u4ea7”\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff1a\u65e9\u5728\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c“\u6b27\u6d32”\u4fbf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u610f\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u6784\u6709\u7740\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u53d7\u5230“\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u660e”\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u89c2\u5ff5——\u6b27\u6d32\u662f\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6a21\u8303\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3!<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u4e86!\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5316\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u827a\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u53d9\u4e8b\u505a\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c“\u6587\u5316”\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684“\u6211\u5011\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u503e\u5411”\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u3001\u6309\u7167\u9700\u8981\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6——\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u7956\u5b97\u4e16\u7cfb\u3001\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u7684“\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u533a\u57df\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u79e9\u5e8f”\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f9d\u636e\u6587\u5316\u800c\u88ab\u5efa\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u672c\u8d28\u5316\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316”\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6784\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684“\u539f\u4e61”(Heimat)\u3001\u745e\u5178\u4eba\u7684“\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u5bb6”(Folkhem)\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u7684“\u7075\u9b42”(Soul)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u6216\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684“\u5145\u6ee1\u5f02\u56fd\u60c5\u8c03\u7684”\u90e8\u843d\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u81ea\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5851\u9020\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684“\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178”\u548c“\u90e8\u843d\u5730\u56fe”\uff0c\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u7279\u6027\u88ab\u4ee5\u8c8c\u4f3c“\u79d1\u5b66”\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

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