\n
\n\u3000\u3000\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5e86\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u4e0b\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ece\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u7684“\u53f0\u524d”\u5230“\u5e55\u540e”\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c\u501f\u9274\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u4e3e\u529e\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7b49\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u8282\u65e5\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e8b\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5e86\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7b56\u5212\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u501f\u9274\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff1b\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\uff1b\u8282\u65e5\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\uff0c\u5176\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u5982\u95fb\u540d\u9050\u8fe9\u7684\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282(Smithsonian Folklife Festival)\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u6c11\u4fd7\u627f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u4f53\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b56\u5212\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282(\u4e0b\u6587\u6216\u7b80\u79f0\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282)\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u5c55\u793a\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u603b\u7ed3[1]\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u6b64\u7c7b\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5e86\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u953b\u70bc\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e92\u4e3a\u52a9\u529b\u3001\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u7684“\u53f0\u524d”<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4fd7\u7684\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u4f20\u64ad\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u8282\u5e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\uff0c\u5907\u53d7\u516c\u4f17\u77a9\u76ee\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u5370\u5237\u7269\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u8be5\u8282\u65e5\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u89c2\u4f17\u5df2\u903e4000\u4e07\u4eba[2]\u3002\u8be5\u8282\u65e5“\u501f\u52a9\u535a\u7269\u9986\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ca\u5ba3\u4f20\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u4f5c\u574a\u3001\u53d9\u4e8b\u821e\u53f0\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u3001\u996e\u98df\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u53d9\u4e8b\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u53ca\u822a\u6d77\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u4fd7\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5305\u62ec\u533a\u57df\u6027\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u4f20\u7edf\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u65cf\u7fa4\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf”[3]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230“\u53f0\u524d”\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a\u6c11\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u529e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9“\u591a\u5143\u7684\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u6d3b\u6001\u7684”\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e7f\u573a\u6237\u5916\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u5c55\u89c8\u4f1a\u3002\u8be5\u8282\u65e5\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u6587\u5316\u8303\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5bcc\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c55\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u529e\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u7684\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1846\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u5408\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec19\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca9\u5bb6\u9644\u5c5e\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bf8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u8349\u6839\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5e74\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u7406\u89e3[5]\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e3b\u529e\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u7684\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a\u6c11\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e0b\u8f96\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u7814\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ef4\u6301\u62c9\u5c14\u592b·\u6797\u5179\u52d2(Ralph Rinzler)\u6c11\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u6863\u6848\u4e0e\u91c7\u96c6\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u6216\u6587\u5316\u7231\u597d\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd8\u6709\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u5c55\u89c8\u3001\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u3001\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u548c\u641c\u96c6\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6599\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e3e\u529e\u4e0e\u8be5\u5b97\u65e8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\u6027\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2004\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u805a\u548c\u9996\u5c4a\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8282[4]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u754c\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\uff0c\u9996\u5c4a\u4e3e\u529e\u4e8e1967\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u5df2\u8fde\u7eed\u6210\u529f\u4e3e\u529e48\u5c4a\u3002\u8fd1\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4ee5\u7279\u8272\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u3001\u6b4c\u624b\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u5bb6\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u4eba\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u53a8\u5e08\u3001\u6545\u4e8b\u5bb6\u7b49\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0e\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u5ba1\u7f8e\u89c2\u5ff5[2]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8282\u65e5\uff0c\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u8282\u671f\u3002\u6c11\u4fd7\u8282\u4ee5\u5e74\u4e3a\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u4e3e\u529e\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u8282\u671f\u4e3a\u4e24\u5468\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u65e5\u5047\u671f\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u4e00\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u548c\u665a\u4e0a\u5747\u6709\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u6b4c\u66f2\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u4e0e\u70f9\u996a\u5c55\u793a\u3001\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u9610\u91ca\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53d9\u4e8b\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u4e13\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
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