\n
\u3000\u3000\u6458 \u8981\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u662f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u53d7\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7cfb\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7cfb\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u5411\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u628a\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u770b\u505a\u662f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u4e5f\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u6d88\u8d39\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u573a\u6240\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66;\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316;\u5927\u4f17\u6d88\u8d39<\/p>\n
\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u6d89\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5e7f\u6700\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u671f\u520a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u95ee\u4e16\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u3002[1]\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6587\u5316\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u827a\u672f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5251\u6865\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39·\u5e0c\u514b\u65af(Dan Hicks)\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u5411”(Material-Culture Turn)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u5411\u4f1a\u6bd420\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u5411\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u548c\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u5411\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[2]\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6210\u679c\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7cfb\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c[3]\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u548c\u827a\u672f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u501f\u9274\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316”\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u57281843\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u666e\u83b1\u65af\u54e5\u7279(William H.Prescott)\u5728\u65c5\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u897f\u73ed\u725916\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u5357\u7f8e\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86“\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e”\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6839\u636e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u5668\u7269\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u3002[4]\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u662f\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6b96\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5192\u9669\u5bb6\u3001\u63a2\u9669\u8005\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u4ece\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u56de\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5668\u7269\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u3001\u9762\u5177\u3001\u7eaa\u5ff5\u54c1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6536\u85cf\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u5174\u5b66\u79d1\u5c31\u6b64\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e30\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u53d7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u5411\u524d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6280\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u90fd\u80fd\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5dee\u5f02\u4e5f\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u6cf0\u52d21872\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u6392\u5217\u4e86\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u5230\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002[5]\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u76ae\u7279\u5229\u5f17\u65af\u535a\u7269\u9986(Pitt Rivers Museum)\u4e8e1884\u5e74\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6765\u9648\u5217\u5c55\u54c1\u7684\u3002[6]\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u9ad8\u3001\u6280\u672f\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5177\u7c97\u7cd9\u3001\u6280\u672f\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4f4e\u7aef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u5145\u5206\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6587\u660e\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u8981\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
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Gordon Childe) 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